Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Spectroscopical Characterization
2.1.1. UV-Vis Spectroscopy
2.1.2. Raman Spectroscopy
2.1.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
2.1.4. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
2.2. Elemental Composition and Morphological Examination
2.2.1. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
2.2.2. Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) Analysis with Elemental Mapping
2.3. Antimicrobial Testing
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Synthesis of [Cu(12-crown-4)2]I5
3.3. Characterization of [Cu(12-crown-4)2]I5
3.3.1. UV-Vis Spectrophotometry (UV-Vis)
3.3.2. Raman Spectroscopy
3.3.3. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy
3.3.4. X-ray Diffraction (XRD)
3.3.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS)
3.3.6. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (STEM-EDS)
3.4. Bacterial Strains and Culturing
3.5. Antimicrobial Testing
3.5.1. Procedure for Zone of Inhibition Plate Studies
3.5.2. Disc Diffusion Method
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Group | 1 | 2 [(I−)2(I2)] | [18] | [19] | [23] | [22]exp | [22]calc |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2/12-crown-4 | 204 vs | 204 | 204 | 204 | |||
I3−/12-crown-4 I3− [I3−…I2] | 228 s,br 290 m,br 360 s,br | 290 359 | 228 290 359 | 229 291 359 | 290 360 | 223 292 353 | 217 292 365/339Y |
I− | 201 vs | 201 | 201 | ||||
I5− | 445 vw,br | 455 | 450 | 460 |
Group | 1. | 2 | [42] | [45] | [39] | [47] | [22] | [23] | [28] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I5− Type | V | Y | V | V | V | L | Linear | Linear | |
Structure | [(I3−)(I2)] | [(I3−)2(I2)0.5] | [(I−)2(I2)] | [(I3−)(I2)] | [(I3−)(I2)] | [(I3−)(I2)] | [(I5−)]n | [(I5−)]n | |
I2 as [I2….I−] or [I2….I3−] | s 170 νs | vs 172 νs | s 170 νs w 165L νas | 177 νs | 178 νs 163 νas | m 164 νs | 160 νas | 163 νas | |
I3- | m, sh [I-I-I−] 71 ν2bend vs [I-I-I−] 112 νs w, sh [I-I….I−] 222 νas | 71 ν2bend vs 111 νs w 222 νas | 67 ν2bend 114 νs | 108 νs 211 νas 423 | 80 ν2bend vs 111 νs s 127 νas | 70 ν2bend 110 νs 220 νas | 108 νs 218 νas | 110 νs 217 νas | |
I5- | m,sh 144 νas | m,sh 142 νas | w 144 νas | 151 νas | 147 νas | ||||
as [I2….I3−] | vw, sh 334 νas | 334 νas | 334 νas | 318 νas | 337 νas | 331 νas | |||
12-crown-4 | vw 2926 | vw 2855 |
Compound | Type | [I2] (Å) | [I3−] (Å) | [I2….I3−] (Å) | [I3−] Angle (°) | [I2] (cm−1) | [I3−] (cm−1) | [I5−]/[I2….I3−] (cm−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
[47] Polymeric Chain [(I3−)(I2)]n | L | 2.75 | 2.83 3.05 2.94 * | 3.38 3.40 3.39 * | 177.45 | m 164 νs | 80 ν2bend vs 111 νs s 127 νas | |
[45] Polymeric [(I3−)(I2)]n | V | 2.74 | 2.90 2.93 2.92 * | 3.41 | 176.43 | m 177 νs | 67 ν2bend vs 114 νs | vs 151 νas |
[Cu(H2O)6(12-crown-4)5]I6 x 2I2 Polymeric chain | Y | 2.76 2.77 | 2.80 3.06 | 3.38 3.38 | 176.46 | vs 172 νs | m,sh 142 νas | |
[(I3−)2(I2)0.5]n | 2.77* | 2.93* | 3.38* | |||||
[Rb(12-crown-4)2]I5 Isolated [(I−)2(I2)] | V | 2.79 | 2.82 3.09 2.96 * | 3.09 | 177.30 | m 163 νs w,sh 180 νs | 72 ν2bend m,br 96 νs w,br 190-230 νas | s,br 142 νas |
[Cu(12-crown-4)2]I5 Chain | V | ≥2.77 ≤2.75 | ≥2.92 ≤2.93 | ≥3.39 ≤3.41 | ~180 ≥176.43 + ≤177.45 + | s 170 νs | m,sh [I-I-I−] 71 ν2bend vs [I-I-I−] 112 νs w,sh [I-I….I−] 222 νas | m,sh 144 νas vw,sh 334 νas |
ν1 (O–H)*s ν2 (O–H)*as | ν (C–H)as | ν (CH2)as,s | ν (C–H)s ν (O–H)* | δ (C–H)as ν3 (O–H)* | δ (C–C) | δ (C–H) δ (C–C) | ν (C–O) ν (C–O-C) | ν (CH–CH) ν (O–H)* | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | w 2950 | w 2900 | w 2850 | w 1450 | w 1365 | w 1290 | w 1250 vs 1125 s 1100 m 1075 m 1025 w 975 m 919 | m 848 vw 815 | |
2 | w,sh 3393 * w 3240 * w 3179 * | w 2953 | w 2905 | w 2859 | w 1445 vw 1638 * | w 1362 | w 1287 | w 1248 m 1124 vs 1090 s 1069 s 1022 m 916 | s 841 m 810 ν56 m 588 m 548 ν57/ν16 m 521 |
3 | 3746 *s 3418 *as | 2951 | 2905 | 2863 2777 * 2733 * | 1443 1642 * | vw 1360 | 1287 | 1243 1133 1092 m 1022 911 | m 844 549 628 * |
4 | 2954 | 2906 | 2865 | 1444 | 1363 | 1289 | 1245 1134 1095 1023 915 | 849 |
Group | 1 | [25] | [33] | [29] | [30] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
I2 | 23.1 w 25.3 s 31 m 39.1 vw 47.4 vw | 24.5 s 25 s 28 vs 37 w 38 w 43 w 46 m | 22.8 m 23.8 m 25.5 m 27 m 30 m 37 vw 46 w | 25 29 36 | |
I5− | 15.3 vs | 8 m 10 m 13.4 vs |
Strain | Antibiotic | A | AWB | AWC | 1+B | 2+B | 3+B | 1+C | 2+C | 3+C |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 | G | 18 | 20 | 20 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 19 | 0 | 0 |
S. aureus ATCC 25923 | G | 28 | 20 | 23 | 11 | 0 | 0 | 35 | 14 | 0 |
S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 | C | 25 | 25 | 20 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 21 | 0 | 0 |
E. faecalis ATCC 29212 | CTX | 25 | 20 | 19 | 16 | 0 | 0 | 18 | 0 | 0 |
B. subtilis WDCM 00003 | S | 21 | 19 | 21 | 18 | 12 | 0 | 33 | 11 | 0 |
P. mirabilis ATCC 29906 | G | 30 | 0 | 0 | 20 | 0 | 0 | 15 | 0 | 0 |
P. aeruginosa WDCM 00026 | CTX | 23 | 17 | 16 | 12 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0 |
E. coli WDCM 00013 | A | 23 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 9 | 0 | 25 | 8 | 0 |
K. pneumoniae WDCM 00097 | CTX | 30 | NA | NA | 16 | 8 | 0 | 24 | 7 | 0 |
C. albicans WDCM 00054 | NY | 16 | 45 | 51 | 25 | 12 | 0 | 53 | 14 | 0 |
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Edis, Z.; Bloukh, S.H. Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility. Molecules 2022, 27, 6437. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196437
Edis Z, Bloukh SH. Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility. Molecules. 2022; 27(19):6437. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196437
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdis, Zehra, and Samir Haj Bloukh. 2022. "Antimicrobial V-Shaped Copper(II) Pentaiodide: Insights to Bonding Pattern and Susceptibility" Molecules 27, no. 19: 6437. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196437