Saccorhiza polyschides—A Source of Natural Active Ingredients for Greener Skincare Formulations
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Antioxidant Capacity
2.2. Anti-Enzymatic Activity
2.3. Antimicrobial Activity
2.4. Nitric Oxide Levels Produced by RAW 264.7 Macrophages
2.5. Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Levels
2.6. Photoprotective Capacity
2.7. NMR Chemical Profile
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Saccorhiza Polyschides Collection and Preparation
4.2. Saccorhiza Polyschides Extraction
4.3. Biological Activities of Saccorhiza Polyschides
4.3.1. Antioxidant Capacity
2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DDPH) Radical Scavenging Activity
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP)
Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC)
Quantification of Total Phenolic Content (TPC)
4.3.2. Enzymatic Inhibitory Activity
Anti-Collagenase Activity
Anti-Elastase Activity
Anti-Hyaluronidase Activity
Anti-Tyrosinase Activity
4.3.3. Antimicrobial Activity
4.4. Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Potential on RAW 264.7 Cells
4.4.1. Cell Culture and Maintenance
4.4.2. Cell Viability and Nitric Oxide Production of RAW 264.7 Cells Induced by Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)
4.4.3. Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Production
4.5. Photoprotective Capacity in 3T3 Cells
4.5.1. Cell Culture and Maintenance
4.5.2. Cell Viability and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) Production
4.6. NMR Chemical Profile
4.7. Data and Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Fraction | TPC a | DPPH b | FRAP c | ORAC d |
---|---|---|---|---|
F1 | 5.8 ± 0.2 | >200 | 44.5 ± 4.7 | 221.6 ± 17.4 |
F2 | 95.5 ± 9.0 | >200 | 1081.6 ± 33.3 | 1715.8 ± 44.6 |
F3 | 199.9 ± 23.7 | >200 | 828.2 ± 21.2 | 3126.0 ± 225.1 |
F4 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | >200 | 0.6 ± 0.1 | 26.5 ± 0.7 |
F5 | 19.1 ± 1.3 | >200 | 214.1 ± 16.1 | 471.4 ± 17.6 |
BHT | - | 164.5 (142.7–189.7) | 2821.5 ± 51.5 | 142.9 ± 9.1 |
Fraction | Cutibacterium acnes | Staphylococcus epidermidis | Malassezia furfur |
---|---|---|---|
F1 | 39.0 (26.9–52.1) | >200 | >200 |
F2 | 33.4 (23.6–46.9) | >200 | >200 |
F3 | >200 | >200 | >200 |
F4 | >200 | >200 | >200 |
F5 | 12.4 (6.6–17.6) | >200 | >200 |
Oxytetracycline | 0.07 (0.05–0.09) | 12.4 (11.2–16.1) | - |
Amphotericin B | - | - | 11.4 (8.6–15.0) |
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Susano, P.; Silva, J.; Alves, C.; Martins, A.; Pinteus, S.; Gaspar, H.; Goettert, M.I.; Pedrosa, R. Saccorhiza polyschides—A Source of Natural Active Ingredients for Greener Skincare Formulations. Molecules 2022, 27, 6496. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196496
Susano P, Silva J, Alves C, Martins A, Pinteus S, Gaspar H, Goettert MI, Pedrosa R. Saccorhiza polyschides—A Source of Natural Active Ingredients for Greener Skincare Formulations. Molecules. 2022; 27(19):6496. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196496
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusano, Patrícia, Joana Silva, Celso Alves, Alice Martins, Susete Pinteus, Helena Gaspar, Márcia Inês Goettert, and Rui Pedrosa. 2022. "Saccorhiza polyschides—A Source of Natural Active Ingredients for Greener Skincare Formulations" Molecules 27, no. 19: 6496. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196496