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Article

Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials

by
Emanuela Calcio Gaudino
1,
Giorgio Grillo
1,
Maela Manzoli
1,
Silvia Tabasso
2,
Simone Maccagnan
3 and
Giancarlo Cravotto
1,4,*
1
Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy
2
Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Turin, Italy
3
Gimac International Srl, Via Roma 5/7, 21040 Castronno, Italy
4
World-Class Research Center, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Trubetskaya ul, 119991 Moscow, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(2), 449; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020449
Submission received: 6 November 2021 / Revised: 22 December 2021 / Accepted: 29 December 2021 / Published: 10 January 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanochemical Synthesis of Organic Compounds)
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Abstract

In the past, the use of mechanochemical methods in organic synthesis was reported as somewhat of a curiosity. However, perceptions have changed over the last two decades, and this technology is now being appreciated as a greener and more efficient synthetic method. The qualified “offer” of ball mills that make use of different set-ups, materials, and dimensions has allowed this technology to mature. Nevertheless, the intrinsic batch nature of mechanochemical methods hinders industrial scale-ups. New studies have found, in reactive extrusion, a powerful technique with which to activate chemical reactions with mechanical forces in a continuous flow. This new environmentally friendly mechanochemical synthetic method may be able to miniaturize production plants with outstanding process intensifications by removing organic solvents and working in a flow mode. Compared to conventional processes, reactive extrusions display high simplicity, safety, and cleanliness, which can be exploited in a variety of applications. This paper presents perspective examples in the better-known areas of reactive extrusions, including oxidation reactions, polymer processing, and biomass conversion. This work should stimulate further developments, as it highlights the versatility of reactive extrusion and the huge potential of solid-phase flow chemistry.
Keywords: solvent free; process intensification; reactive extruder; solid-phase flow chemistry; green chemistry solvent free; process intensification; reactive extruder; solid-phase flow chemistry; green chemistry
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MDPI and ACS Style

Calcio Gaudino, E.; Grillo, G.; Manzoli, M.; Tabasso, S.; Maccagnan, S.; Cravotto, G. Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials. Molecules 2022, 27, 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020449

AMA Style

Calcio Gaudino E, Grillo G, Manzoli M, Tabasso S, Maccagnan S, Cravotto G. Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials. Molecules. 2022; 27(2):449. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020449

Chicago/Turabian Style

Calcio Gaudino, Emanuela, Giorgio Grillo, Maela Manzoli, Silvia Tabasso, Simone Maccagnan, and Giancarlo Cravotto. 2022. "Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials" Molecules 27, no. 2: 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020449

APA Style

Calcio Gaudino, E., Grillo, G., Manzoli, M., Tabasso, S., Maccagnan, S., & Cravotto, G. (2022). Mechanochemical Applications of Reactive Extrusion from Organic Synthesis to Catalytic and Active Materials. Molecules, 27(2), 449. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020449

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