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Article

Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis from Tetragonula, Lepidotrigona, Lisotrigona and Homotrigona Stingless Bee Species in Vietnam

by
Milena Popova
1,*,
Boryana Trusheva
1,
Ralitsa Chimshirova
1,
Daniela Antonova
1,
Kamelia Gechovska
1,
Le Nguyen Thanh
2,3,
Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien
4,
Diep Thi Lan Phuong
5 and
Vassya Bankova
1
1
Institute of Organic Chemistry with Centre of Phytochemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str., Bl. 9, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
2
Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
3
Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
4
Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10000, Vietnam
5
Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, Quy Nhon 55000, Vietnam
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2022, 27(22), 7834; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227834
Submission received: 25 October 2022 / Revised: 9 November 2022 / Accepted: 10 November 2022 / Published: 14 November 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Propolis in Human and Bee Health)
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Abstract

The present study aimed to analyze and compare the chemical profile and antioxidant capacity of propolis from different bee species and different regions. The chemical profiles of propolis from six stingless bee species (Tetragonula iridipennis, T. laeviceps, Lepidotrigona terminata, L. ventralis, Lisotrigona carpenteri and Homotrigona apicalis) collected from a total of eight locations in Vietnam were investigated by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). More than 70 compounds were identified, amongst which phenolic lipids (cardanols, resorcinols and anacardic acids), aromatic acids, triterpenes and xanthones. Taxonomic markers for Mangifera indica (phenolic lipids and cycloartane triterpenes) were detected in propolis from bees of the genera Tetragonula and Lepidotrigona, although in different amounts, whereas propolis from H. apicalis was characterized by triterpenes of the amyrine type, typical of dipterocarp trees. A clear discrimination between both groups was observed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Propolis from Tetragonula and Lepidotrigona spp. and from Lisotrigona carpenteri, which is rich in xanthones, possesses higher radical scavenging and ferric-reducing capacity than that from H. apicalis. Propolis produced by all six stingless bee species in Vietnam was analyzed for the first time. In addition, this is the first report on L. carpenteri propolis.
Keywords: stingless bees; propolis; chemical profile; antioxidant capacity; botanical sources; Vietnam stingless bees; propolis; chemical profile; antioxidant capacity; botanical sources; Vietnam

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MDPI and ACS Style

Popova, M.; Trusheva, B.; Chimshirova, R.; Antonova, D.; Gechovska, K.; Thanh, L.N.; Lien, N.T.P.; Phuong, D.T.L.; Bankova, V. Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis from Tetragonula, Lepidotrigona, Lisotrigona and Homotrigona Stingless Bee Species in Vietnam. Molecules 2022, 27, 7834. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227834

AMA Style

Popova M, Trusheva B, Chimshirova R, Antonova D, Gechovska K, Thanh LN, Lien NTP, Phuong DTL, Bankova V. Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis from Tetragonula, Lepidotrigona, Lisotrigona and Homotrigona Stingless Bee Species in Vietnam. Molecules. 2022; 27(22):7834. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227834

Chicago/Turabian Style

Popova, Milena, Boryana Trusheva, Ralitsa Chimshirova, Daniela Antonova, Kamelia Gechovska, Le Nguyen Thanh, Nguyen Thi Phuong Lien, Diep Thi Lan Phuong, and Vassya Bankova. 2022. "Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis from Tetragonula, Lepidotrigona, Lisotrigona and Homotrigona Stingless Bee Species in Vietnam" Molecules 27, no. 22: 7834. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227834

APA Style

Popova, M., Trusheva, B., Chimshirova, R., Antonova, D., Gechovska, K., Thanh, L. N., Lien, N. T. P., Phuong, D. T. L., & Bankova, V. (2022). Chemical Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Propolis from Tetragonula, Lepidotrigona, Lisotrigona and Homotrigona Stingless Bee Species in Vietnam. Molecules, 27(22), 7834. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27227834

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