Copolymers Containing 1-Methyl-2-phenyl-imidazole Moieties as Permanent Dipole Generating Units: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis
2.2. Spectroscopic Properties
2.3. Electrochemical Properties
2.4. Thin Films Morphology
2.5. Photovoltaic Properties
3. Materials and Methods
- (i)
- description of all reagents and procedures used in the preparation of the monomers and the studied polymers together with spectroscopic (NMR, IR) data of intermediate and final products as well as their elemental analyses;
- (ii)
- absorption spectra of the studied polymers in chlorobenzene solutions and in solid-state films prepared from chlorobenzene solutions;
- (iii)
- description of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) experiments;
- (iv)
- description of AFM measurements;
- (v)
- device preparation and characterization;
- (vi)
- morphology of the active layer investigated with an optical microscope using Nomarsky contrast.
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Polymer | Mn [kg/mol] | Mw [kg/mol] | PDI | λpeaks (a) [nm] | λpeakf (a) [nm] | λonsetf [nm] | Egopt. (b) [eV] | ε⋅10−4 (c) [M−1cm−1] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 5.5 | 8.4 | 1.53 | 530 | 560 | 672 | 1.84 | 5.56 |
P2 | 5.5 | 8.2 | 1.49 | 620 640 | 635 sh 690 | 790 | 1.57 | 12.15 |
P3 | 6.6 | 13.4 | 2.01 | 655 sh 730 | 653 720 | 820 | 1.51 | 8.15 |
P4 | 10.6 | 20.8 | 1.96 | 650 | 658 | 800 | 1.55 | 6.05 |
P5 | 7.9 | 10.9 | 1.38 | 720 sh 660 | 672 738 sh 850 | 832 | 1.49 | 6.58 |
Polymer | Eox (a) [V] | Eoxonset (b) [V] | Ered1 (a) [V] | Ered2 (a) [V] | Eredonset (b) [V] | IP (c) [eV] | EA (c) [eV] | EgCV [eV] | Eb [eV] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P1 | 0.28 | 0.21 | −1.69 | − | −1.56 | 5.03 | 2.99 | 2.04 | 0.20 |
P2 | 0.28 | 0.11 | −1.59 | −1.70 | −1.44 | 4.92 | 3.13 | 1.79 | 0.22 |
P3 | 0.32 | 0.18 | −1.56 | −1.69 | −1.41 | 5.00 | 3.17 | 1.83 | 0.32 |
P4 | 0.28 | 0.13 | −1.57 | − | −1.44 | 4.94 | 3.13 | 1.81 | 0.26 |
P5 (d) | 0.33 | 0.26 | –1.65 | – | –1.37 | 5.09 | 3.22 | 1.87 | 0.38 |
Sample | Voc [V] | Jsc [mA/cm2] | rsh [Ω cm2] | rS [Ω cm2] | FF | PCE % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P2:PC71BM | <x> | 0.39 | 2.3 | 218 | 6 | 0.296 | 0.26 |
2:3 | ±σ | 0.02 | 0.2 | 20 | 1 | 0.005 | 0.02 |
P4:PC71BM | <x> | 0.44 | 4.0 | 147 | 2.8 | 0.303 | 0.54 |
2:3 | ±σ | 0.02 | 0.6 | 17 | 0.2 | 0.004 | 0.09 |
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Kulszewicz-Bajer, I.; Nowakowski, R.; Zagórska, M.; Maranda-Niedbała, A.; Mech, W.; Wróbel, Z.; Drapała, J.; Wielgus, I.; Korona, K.P. Copolymers Containing 1-Methyl-2-phenyl-imidazole Moieties as Permanent Dipole Generating Units: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties. Molecules 2022, 27, 915. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030915
Kulszewicz-Bajer I, Nowakowski R, Zagórska M, Maranda-Niedbała A, Mech W, Wróbel Z, Drapała J, Wielgus I, Korona KP. Copolymers Containing 1-Methyl-2-phenyl-imidazole Moieties as Permanent Dipole Generating Units: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties. Molecules. 2022; 27(3):915. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030915
Chicago/Turabian StyleKulszewicz-Bajer, Irena, Robert Nowakowski, Małgorzata Zagórska, Agnieszka Maranda-Niedbała, Wojciech Mech, Zbigniew Wróbel, Jakub Drapała, Ireneusz Wielgus, and Krzysztof P. Korona. 2022. "Copolymers Containing 1-Methyl-2-phenyl-imidazole Moieties as Permanent Dipole Generating Units: Synthesis, Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Photovoltaic Properties" Molecules 27, no. 3: 915. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030915