Elucidation of the Transport Mechanism of Puerarin and Gastrodin and Their Interaction on the Absorption in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Reagents
2.2. Cell Culture
2.3. HPLC Analysis
2.3.1. Instruments and Chromatographic Conditions
2.3.2. Preparation of Working Solutions and Internal Standard (IS) Solution
2.3.3. Preparation of Calibration Standard Samples
2.3.4. Preparation of Cell Samples
2.4. Method Validation
2.4.1. Specificity
2.4.2. Linearity
2.4.3. Precision
2.4.4. Accuracy
2.5. Data Analysis
2.5.1. Transmembrane Resistance
2.5.2. Apparent Permeability Coefficient
3. Result
3.1. Bidirectional Transport of PUR and GAS in Caco-2 Cell Model
3.1.1. Bidirectional Transport of Different Concentrations of PUR
3.1.2. Bidirectional Transport of GAS
3.2. Effects of Verapamil and Cyclosporin on Transport of PUR and GAS in Caco-2 Cell Model
3.2.1. Effects of Verapamil on Bidirectional Transport of PUR
3.2.2. Effects of Verapamil on Transport of GAS from AP to BL Side
3.2.3. Effects of Cyclosporin on Bidirectional Transport of PUR
3.2.4. Effects of Cyclosporin on Transport of GAS from AP to BL Side
3.3. The Interaction between PUR and GAS on Bidirectional Transport in the Caco-2 Cell Model
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Analyte | Linear Range (μg·mL−1) | Linear Regression Equations | Correlation Coefficient (r) | LLOQs (μg·mL−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
L-PUR | 0.025–2.5 | y = 1.8823x + 0.07998 | 0.9999 | 0.025 |
H-PUR | 2.5–100 | y = 1.8758x − 0.3433 | 0.9999 | 2.5 |
L-GAS | 0.1–5 | y = 0.2159x + 0.0002 | 0.9999 | 0.1 |
H-GAS | 5–100 | y = 0.2107x − 0.1703 | 0.9998 | 5 |
Groups | Concentration (μg·mL−1) | Papp(AP→BL) (×10−6 cm·s−1) | Papp(BL→AP) (×10−6 cm·s−1) | ER |
---|---|---|---|---|
L-PUR | 50 | 1.225 ± 0.600 | 1.766 ± 0.090 | 1.442 ± 0.073 |
M-PUR | 100 | 1.285 ± 0.332 | 4.539 ± 0.166 | 3.531 ± 0.129 |
H-PUR | 200 | 1.137 ± 0.391 | 3.017 ± 0.787 | 2.654 ± 0.693 |
GAS | 100 | 2.407 ± 0.134 | 2.866 ± 0.809 | 1.191 ± 0.336 |
Groups | Concentration (μg·mL−1) | Papp(AP→BL) (×10−6 cm·s−1) | Papp(BL→AP) (×10−6 cm·s−1) | ER |
---|---|---|---|---|
PUR + Ver | 100 | 1.413 ± 0.381 | 3.004 ± 0.724 | 2.126 ± 0.513 |
PUR + Cyc | 100 | 4.759 ± 0.405 | 4.014 ± 0.565 | 0.843 ± 0.119 |
GAS + Ver | 100 | 2.647 ± 1.000 | — | — |
GAS + Cyc | 100 | 2.402 ± 0.130 | — | — |
Groups | Concentration (μg·mL−1) | Papp(AP→BL) (×10−6 cm·s−1) | Papp(BL→AP) (×10−6 cm·s−1) | ER |
---|---|---|---|---|
PUR + GAS | 100 | 1.425 ± 0.412 | 3.108 ± 0.982 | 2.181 ± 0.689 |
GAS + PUR | 100 | 2.229 ± 0.086 | 2.566 ± 0.306 | 1.151 ± 0.137 |
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Jiang, L.; Xiong, Y.; Tu, Y.; Zhang, W.; Zhang, Q.; Nie, P.; Yan, X.; Liu, H.; Liu, R.; Xu, G. Elucidation of the Transport Mechanism of Puerarin and Gastrodin and Their Interaction on the Absorption in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model. Molecules 2022, 27, 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041230
Jiang L, Xiong Y, Tu Y, Zhang W, Zhang Q, Nie P, Yan X, Liu H, Liu R, Xu G. Elucidation of the Transport Mechanism of Puerarin and Gastrodin and Their Interaction on the Absorption in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model. Molecules. 2022; 27(4):1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041230
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiang, Li, Yanling Xiong, Yu Tu, Wentong Zhang, Qiyun Zhang, Peng Nie, Xiaojun Yan, Hongning Liu, Ronghua Liu, and Guoliang Xu. 2022. "Elucidation of the Transport Mechanism of Puerarin and Gastrodin and Their Interaction on the Absorption in a Caco-2 Cell Monolayer Model" Molecules 27, no. 4: 1230. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27041230