Degradation of 5-Dialkylamino-Substituted Chlorsulfuron Derivatives in Alkaline Soil
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Instruments and Materials
2.2. Compounds NL101-NL108
2.3. Soil Degradation Assay
2.4. Crop Safety Assay
3. Results
3.1. Soil Degradation Results
3.2. Crop Safety Results
4. Discussion
4.1. Soil Degradation Rates
4.2. Crop Safety
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
References
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Soils | Soil Texture | pH | Cation Exchange Capacity (cmol+·kg−1) | Organic Matter (g·kg−1) | Soil Separation (mm)/Mechanical Composition (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alkaline soils | loam | 8.39 | 7.30 | 19.4 | 1–2 | 0.5–1 | 0.025–0.5 | 0.05–0.02 | 0.02–0.002 | <0.002 | 0.25–0.05 | 2.0–0.05 | 0.05–0.002 |
0.795 | 2.46 | 2.33 | 7.90 | 28.6 | 28.2 | 29.7 | 35.3 | 36.5 |
Compound | HPLC Analysis Condition (Wavelength, Flow Rate, Mobile Phase (v:v)) | Extraction Solvent (v:v) | Additive Concentration (mg·kg−1) | Average Recovery Rate (%) | Coefficient of Variation RSD (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
NL101 | 235 nm, 0.65 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 60: 40 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: THF: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5) = 30: 10: 10: 10 | 5 | 82.42 | 2.39 |
2 | 72.52 | 1.94 | |||
0.5 | 73.51 | 1.41 | |||
NL102 | 235 nm, 0.90 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 78: 22 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5) = 40: 5: 5 | 5 | 86.87 | 1.27 |
2 | 84.24 | 2.34 | |||
0.5 | 81.43 | 2.89 | |||
NL103 | 235 nm, 0.80 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 75: 25 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5) = 40: 5: 5 | 5 | 88.74 | 0.74 |
2 | 87.24 | 0.83 | |||
0.5 | 97.58 | 2.05 | |||
NL104 | 235 nm, 1.0 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 77: 23 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5) = 40: 5: 5 | 5 | 81.41 | 2.46 |
2 | 89.43 | 1.93 | |||
0.5 | 86.03 | 2.08 | |||
NL105 | 235 nm, 0.80 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 78: 22 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5) = 40: 5: 5 | 5 | 95.94 | 0.71 |
2 | 99.87 | 1.14 | |||
0.5 | 105.60 | 1.19 | |||
NL106 | 235 nm, 0.90 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 77: 23 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5) = 40: 5: 5 | 5 | 82.55 | 1.39 |
2 | 85.47 | 2.19 | |||
0.5 | 89.19 | 2.84 | |||
NL107 | 235 nm, 0.90 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 80: 20 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5) = 40: 5: 5 | 5 | 95.07 | 1.32 |
2 | 90.97 | 1.31 | |||
0.5 | 92.90 | 1.19 | |||
NL108 | 235 nm, 1.0 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 82: 18 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5) = 40: 5: 5 | 5 | 91.53 | 0.88 |
2 | 91.39 | 0.89 | |||
0.5 | 96.42 | 1.63 | |||
Chlorsulfuron | 235 nm, 0.70 mL·min−1, CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 3.0) = 62: 38 | CH3COCH3: CH2Cl2: CH3OH: H3PO4 (aq) (pH 1.5): = 40: 5: 10: 10 | 5 | 73.54 | 1.09 |
2 | 73.53 | 2.40 | |||
0.5 | 81.09 | 1.16 |
Compound | Kinetic Equations of Soil Degradation | Correlation Coefficient (R2) | DT50 (Days) |
---|---|---|---|
NL101 | Ct = 4.95e−0.229t | 0.969 | 3.03 |
NL102 | Ct = 4.58e−0.123t | 0.990 | 5.66 |
NL103 | Ct = 4.56e−0.0895t | 0.991 | 7.74 |
NL104 | Ct = 3.88e−0.0476t | 0.994 | 14.6 |
NL105 | Ct = 4.97e−0.109t | 0.999 | 6.38 |
NL106 | Ct = 5.03e−0.108t | 0.973 | 6.39 |
NL107 | Ct = 4.92e−0.0845t | 0.997 | 8.20 |
NL108 | Ct = 5.10e−0.0509t | 0.991 | 13.6 |
Chlorsulfuron | Ct = 4.30e−0.00440t | 0.990 | 158 |
Compound | Concentration (g·ha−1) | Wheat (Xinong 529) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre. (22 Days after Treatment) | Post. (28 Days after Treatment) | |||||||||
Fresh Weight g/10 Strains | Analysis of Variance a | Inhibition (%) | Fresh Weight g/10 Strains | Analysis of Variance a | Inhibition (%) | |||||
5% | 1% | 5% | 1% | |||||||
0 | 3.107 | ab | AB | - | 3.576 | a | A | - | ||
Chlorsulfuron | 30 | 3.301 | ab | A | 0 | 3.323 | a | A | 7.1 | |
60 | 3.263 | ab | A | 0 | 2.152 | b | B | 39.8 | ||
NL102 | 30 | 3.041 | ab | AB | 2.1 | 0.57 | def | CDE | 78.8 | |
60 | 2.952 | abc | AB | 5.0 | 0.463 | ef | DE | 87.0 | ||
NL103 | 30 | 2.967 | ab | AB | 4.5 | 1.170 | cde | BCDE | 67.3 | |
60 | 2.786 | abc | ABC | 10.4 | 1.130 | cde | BCDE | 68.4 | ||
NL104 | 30 | 3.357 | a | A | 0 | 1.700 | bc | BC | 52.5 | |
60 | 3.165 | ab | AB | 0 | 1.601 | bcd | BCD | 55.2 | ||
NL106 | 30 | 2.095 | def | CD | 32.6 | 1.137 | cde | BCDE | 68.2 | |
60 | 2.025 | def | CD | 34.8 | 0.870 | cdef | CDE | 75.7 |
Compound | Concentration (g·ha−1) | Corn (Xindan 66) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre. (16 Days after Treatment) | Post. (23 Days after Treatment) | |||||||||
Fresh Weight g/5 Strains | Analysis of Variance a | Inhibition (%) | Fresh Weight g/5 Strains | Analysis of Variance a | Inhibition (%) | |||||
5% | 1% | 5% | 1% | |||||||
0 | 11.599 | a | AB | 9.214 | a | A | - | |||
Chlorsulfuron | 30 | 7.813 | b | BC | 32.6 | 5.928 | bc | BCD | 35.7 | |
60 | 4.463 | c | C | 61.5 | 4.771 | bcde | BCD | 48.2 | ||
NL102 | 30 | 11.548 | a | AB | 0.4 | 5.146 | bcde | BCD | 44.1 | |
60 | 10.949 | ab | AB | 5.6 | 4.291 | cde | BCD | 53.4 | ||
NL103 | 30 | 12.590 | a | A | 0 | 5.813 | bc | BCD | 36.9 | |
60 | 10.593 | ab | AB | 8.7 | 3.571 | de | CD | 61.2 | ||
NL104 | 30 | 11.832 | a | AB | 0 | 6.517 | b | B | 29.3 | |
60 | 11.922 | a | AB | 0 | 5.620 | bcd | BCD | 39.0 | ||
NL106 | 30 | 11.770 | a | AB | 0 | 5.915 | bc | BCD | 35.8 | |
60 | 11.058 | ab | AB | 4.7 | 5.428 | bcd | BCD | 41.1 |
Compound | DT50 (days) | |
---|---|---|
Acidic Soil (pH = 5.52) | Alkaline Soil (pH = 8.39) | |
NL101 | 3.57 | 3.03 |
NL102 | 5.06 | 5.66 |
NL103 | 5.78 | 7.74 |
NL104 | 8.45 | 14.6 |
NL105 | 9.00 | 6.38 |
NL106 | 7.30 | 6.39 |
NL107 | 9.76 | 8.20 |
NL108 | 7.45 | 13.6 |
Chlorsulfuron | 13.1 | 158 |
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Wu, L.; Gu, Y.-C.; Li, Y.-H.; Meng, F.-F.; Zhou, S.; Li, Z.-M. Degradation of 5-Dialkylamino-Substituted Chlorsulfuron Derivatives in Alkaline Soil. Molecules 2022, 27, 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051486
Wu L, Gu Y-C, Li Y-H, Meng F-F, Zhou S, Li Z-M. Degradation of 5-Dialkylamino-Substituted Chlorsulfuron Derivatives in Alkaline Soil. Molecules. 2022; 27(5):1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051486
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Lei, Yu-Cheng Gu, Yong-Hong Li, Fan-Fei Meng, Sha Zhou, and Zheng-Ming Li. 2022. "Degradation of 5-Dialkylamino-Substituted Chlorsulfuron Derivatives in Alkaline Soil" Molecules 27, no. 5: 1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051486