Fluoroquinolones’ Biological Activities against Laboratory Microbes and Cancer Cell Lines
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Comparison of the In Vitro Antimicrobial Assays
3. FQ’s Antibacterial Biological Activity
3.1. FQ’s Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Positive Bacteria
3.2. FQs Antibacterial Activity against Gram-Negative Bacteria
3.3. FQs’ Antimycobacterial Activity
3.4. FQs’ Antifungal, Antiparasitic, and Anticancer Activity
3.5. FQs Inhibitory Effect as Anti-Viral Agaents against SARS-CoV-2 and HIV-1
4. Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fluoroquinolone | Structure | Generation | Physical Properties | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Norfloxacin | 2nd | ClogP 1.81 | [23,24] | |
Ciprofloxacin | LogPexp–0.1432 | [23,25,26,27] | ||
ClogP–0.725 | ||||
ClogP 1.32 | ||||
ClogP 1.55 | ||||
Levofloxacin | 3rd | ClogP 1.35 ClogP–0.51 | [24,26] | |
Moxifloxacin | 4th | ClogP 2.53 LogP 1.60 | [24,28] |
Testing Technique | Advantages | Disadvantages | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Disk-diffusion |
|
| [36,37] |
Dilution methods |
| - Broth macrodilution has higher risk of error- Broth microdilution may not detect contamination, inoculum viability and the inhibitory effect of cosolvents used (e.g., dimethyl sulphoxide)- Agar dilution method requires intense labor and high cost unless it is automated | [31,38] |
Fluoroquinolone | G +ve Bacteria | Strain | MIC (µM) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generation | Name | ||||
Second Generation | Norfloxacin | B. subtilis | NCDC 71 | 15.658 | [42] |
B. cereus | 8035 | 4.697 | [44] | ||
Roma 702 | <0.128 | [46] | |||
Roma 709 | 8.267 | [28] | |||
B. polymyxa | NCDC 64 | 78.289 | [42] | ||
E. faecalis | ATCC 29212 | <0.128 | [46] | ||
8.267 | [28] | ||||
100.207 | [47] | ||||
L. acidophilus | RSKK 06029 | 2113.794 | [28] | ||
L. monocytogenes | ATCC 43251 | 8.267 | [28] | ||
S. aureus | NCDC 110 | 31.315 | [42] | ||
ATCC 29213 | 3.132 | [43] | |||
ATCC 25923 | 156.170 | [45] | |||
4.134 | [28] | ||||
<0.128 | [46] | ||||
S. aureus 209p | 1.221 | [44] | |||
MRSA | 1.879 | [28] | |||
S. pneumonia | ATCC 49619 | 19.572 | [43] | ||
Lomefloxacin | B. cereus | 8035 | 17.931 | [44] | |
S. aureus | 209p | 2.220 | |||
Ciprofloxacin | A. baumannii | 24.144 | [24] | ||
ATCC 19606 | 2.354 | [50] | |||
B. cereus | ATCC 10876 | 0.360 | [57] | ||
Roma 702 | 0.181 | [46] | |||
Roma 709 | 3.954 | [28] | |||
B. polymyxa | NCDC 64 | 30.180 | [42] | ||
B. subtilis | ATCC 6633 | 0.090 | [57] | ||
0.030 | [58] | ||||
8.149 | [34] | ||||
NCDC 71 | 60.361 | [42] | |||
72.433 | [59] | ||||
E. Faecalis | ATCC 29212 | 3.018 | [56,60,61] | ||
1.360 | [51] | ||||
0.368 | [46] | ||||
1.509 | [55,62] | ||||
7.878 | [28] | ||||
ATCC 33186 | 2.384 | [50] | |||
ATCC 51575 | 1.360 | [51] | |||
ATCC 51299 | 1.509 | [55] | |||
JH2-2 | 6.036 | [63] | |||
UCN41 | 3.018 | [63] | |||
E. faecalis | 24.144 | [47] | |||
14-1 | 96.577 | [53,54] | |||
14-2 | 3.018 | [53,54] | |||
E. faecium | ATCC-19434T | 3.018 | [63] | ||
BM-4147 | 12.072 | [63] | |||
ATCC 27270 | 2.651 | [56] | |||
ATCC 700221 | >386.308 | [55] | |||
13-7 | >386.308 | [55] | |||
14-2 | 96.577 | [53,54] | |||
14-5 | 386.308 | [53,54] | |||
14-6 | >386.308 | [53,54] | |||
E. hirae | ATCC 10541 | 24.144 | [48] | ||
K. pneumonia | 193.154 | [24] | |||
L. acidophilus | RSKK 06029 | 252.277 | [28] | ||
L. monocytogenes | ATCC 43251 | 3.954 | [28] | ||
EGD | 12.072 | [64] | |||
CLIP21369 | 48.288 | [64] | |||
S. aureus | ATCC 6538 | 26.015 | [65] | ||
0.800 | [66] | ||||
146.978 | [49] | ||||
1.509 | [48] | ||||
ATCC 29213 | 0.400 | [66] | |||
1.509 | [48] | ||||
0.082 | [67] | ||||
1.509 | [60,61] | ||||
0.296 | [50] | ||||
0.680 | [51] | ||||
0.755 | [55] | ||||
ATCC 25923 | 0.755 | [64] | |||
2.960 | [57] | ||||
0.010 | [52] | ||||
0.755 | [26] | ||||
0.368 | [46] | ||||
3.954 | [28] | ||||
3.018 | [62] | ||||
S. aureus ATCC 25923 (clinical isolate) | 0.755 | [63] | |||
SAI | 24.144 | [64] | |||
SAI24 | 48.289 | [64] | |||
SA036 | 96.577 | [64] | |||
N41120032 | 193.154 | [64] | |||
SG511 | 0.470 | [58] | |||
Microbank 14001 (MRSA) | 1.480 | [57] | |||
S. aureus D15 MRSA | 3.100 | [66] | |||
S. aureus D17 MRSA | 3.100 | [66] | |||
S. aureus CIPR | 50.000 | [66] | |||
S. aureus NCTC 4163 | 0.755 | [48] | |||
S. aureus HG001 (laboratory strain) | 0.377 | [63] | |||
MSSA 12-1 | 0.755 | [26] | |||
MSSA 12-2 | 0.755 | [26] | |||
MSSA 12-4 | 0.755 | [26] | |||
MSSA 12-5 | 0.755 | [26] | |||
MSSA 14-1 | 96.577 | [53,54] | |||
MSSA14-3 | 0.377 | [53,54] | |||
MSSA 14-4 | 1.509 | [53,54] | |||
MRSA | 3.954 | [28] | |||
MRSA 14-4 | >386.308 | [53,54] | |||
MRSA 14-5 | 48.288 | [53,54] | |||
MRSA 12-2 | 193.154 | [26] | |||
MRSA 12-4 | 193.154 | [26] | |||
MRSA 12-5 | 96.577 | [26] | |||
CMCC 26003 | 1.509 | [53,54] | |||
S. aureus ATCC 700699 (resistant isolate) | >24.144 | [63] | |||
Healthcare-acquired MRSA NRS70 | 0.604 | [50] | |||
Community-acquired MRSAUSA300 | 19.014 | [50] | |||
(MRSA) ATCC 33591 | 1.509 | [60,61] | |||
0.755 | [55] | ||||
0.680 | [51] | ||||
MRSA ATCC 33592 | ≤0.083 | [56] | |||
NCDC 110 | 150.901 | [42] | |||
12.072 | [47] | ||||
0.589 | [49] | ||||
0.377 | [24] | ||||
S. epidermidis | ATCC 12228 | 0.400 | [66] | ||
1.480 | [57] | ||||
0.755 | [48] | ||||
ATCC 14990 | 0.377 | [63] | |||
ATCC 35984 | ≤0.181 | [63] | |||
- | 0.589 | [49] | |||
MSSE CANWARD-2008 81388 | ≤0.083 | [56] | |||
MSSE ATCC 12228 | 0.377 | [55] | |||
0.340 | [51] | ||||
MSSE 12-1 | 0.755 | [26] | |||
MSSE12-3 | 6.036 | [26] | |||
MSSE12-6 | 0.755 | [26] | |||
MSSE12-8 | 12.072 | [26] | |||
MSSE14-2 | >386.308 | [53,54] | |||
MRSE CAN-ICU 61589 (CAZ > 32) | 42.411 | [56] | |||
MRSE12-1 | 24.144 | [26] | |||
MRSE12-6 | 48.288 | [26] | |||
MRSE 13-3 | 193.154 | [55] | |||
MRSE14-21 | 193.154 | [54] | |||
MRSE14-22 | 386.308 | [53,54] | |||
MRSE14-37 | 386.308 | [53,54] | |||
MRSE14-39 | 386.308 | [53,54] | |||
MRSE 16-3 | 32.897 | [54] | |||
S. pneumoniae | ATCC 19615 | 6.036 | [54] | ||
ATCC 49619 | 0.331 | [56] | |||
R6 | 1.177 | [50] | |||
Cipro HCl | B. cereus | Roma 709 | 1.636 | [28] | |
E. faecalis | ATCC 29212 | 3.435 | [28] | ||
L. acidophilus | RSKK 06029 | 219.385 | [28] | ||
L. monocytogenes | ATCC 43251 | 3.435 | [28] | ||
S. aureus | ATCC 25923 | 6.843 | [28] | ||
MRSA | 3.435 | [28] | |||
Third Generation | Levofloxacin | E. faecalis | ATCC 29212 | 2.770 | [51] |
2.767 | [55] | ||||
ATCC 51575 | 1.380 | [51] | |||
1.384 | [55] | ||||
ATCC 700221 | 177.220 | [51] | |||
14-1 | 44.276 | [68] | |||
354.210 | [53,54] | ||||
14-2 | 88.552 | [68] | |||
2.767 | [53,54] | ||||
14-3 | 177.104 | [68] | |||
E. faecium | ATCC 700221 | 88.552 | [55] | ||
13-7 | 88.552 | [55] | |||
14-1 | 354.210 | [68] | |||
14-2 | 88.552 | [53,54] | |||
14-2 | 2.767 | [68] | |||
14-5 | 177.105 | [53,54] | |||
14-6 | 177.105 | [53,54] | |||
16-4 | 44.300 | [51] | |||
S. aureus | ATCC 25923 | <0.022 | [26] | ||
0.166 | [69] | ||||
ATCC 29213 | 0.350 | [55] | |||
0.350 | [51] | ||||
CMCC 26003 | 0.346 | [68] | |||
0.346 | [53,54] | ||||
MSSA12-2 | 0.346 | [26] | |||
MSSA 12-4 | 0.166 | [69] | |||
0.344 | [26] | ||||
MSSA12-5 | 0.346 | [26] | |||
MSSA14-1 | 22.138 | [53,54] | |||
MSSA 14-2 | 0.692 | [68] | |||
MSSA14-3 | 0.346 | [53,54,68] | |||
MSSA14-4 | 1.384 | [53,54,68] | |||
MRSA 12-1 | 177.105 | [69] | |||
MRSA12-2 | 88.552 | [26] | |||
MRSA12-4 | 88.552 | [26] | |||
MRSA12-5 | 88.552 | [26] | |||
MRSA14-4 | 177.105 | [53,54,68] | |||
MRSA14-5 | 22.138 | [26,53,54] | |||
NARSA 10198 | 88.552 | [70] | |||
NARSA 10193 | 88.552 | [70] | |||
ATCC 29213 | 1.384 | [70] | |||
S. epidermidis | MSSE ATCC 12228 | 0.350 | [51] | ||
0.346 | [55] | ||||
12-1 | 0.346 | [26] | |||
12-3 | 1.384 | [26] | |||
12-6 | 0.346 | [26] | |||
12-8 | 11.069 | [26] | |||
12-1 | 11.069 | [26] | |||
12-6 | 88.552 | [26] | |||
MRSE12-1 | 0.083 | [69] | |||
MSSE14-2 | >354.210 | [53,54] | |||
354.210 | [68] | ||||
MSSE12-3 | 1.384 | [69] | |||
MSSE14-4 | 2.767 | [68] | |||
MSSE14-6 | 5.534 | [68] | |||
MRSE 13-3 | 88.552 | [55] | |||
MRSE14-21 | 177.105 | [53,54] | |||
MRSE14-22 | 88.552 | [53,54,68] | |||
MRSE14-37 | 177.105 | [53,54,68] | |||
MRSE14-39 | 177.105 | [53,54,68] | |||
MRSE 16-3 | 5.540 | [51] | |||
S. pneumoniae | ATCC 49619 | 0.346 | [69] | ||
ATCC 19615 | 1.384 | [53,54,68] | |||
Sparifloxacin | B. cereus | 8035 | 0.484 | [44] | |
S. aureus | 209p | 0.484 | |||
Gatifloxacin | B. subtilis | NCDC 71 | 213.109 | [42] | |
B. polymyxa | NCDC 64 | 26.639 | [42] | ||
S. aureus | NCDC 110 | 13.319 | [42] | ||
ATCC 29213 | 0.333 | [71] | |||
MSSA clinical isolates | 0.333 | [71] | |||
MRSA clinical isolates | 42.622 | [71] | |||
S. epidermidis | ATCC 12228 | 0.160 | [71] | ||
MSSE clinical isolates | 0.160 | [71] | |||
MRSE clinical isolates | 0.160 | [71] | |||
Moxifloxacin HCl | B. cereus | Roma 709 | <1.370 | [28] | |
E. faecalis | ATCC 33186 | 0.891 | [50] | ||
14-1 | 18.296 | [68] | |||
14-2 | 36.539 | [68] | |||
14-3 | 18.296 | [68] | |||
E. faecium | ATCC 29212 | <1.370 | [28] | ||
14-1 | 73.077 | [68] | |||
14-2 | 1.142 | [68] | |||
MSSE 12-3 | 0.284 | [26,69] | |||
MSSE 12-6 | 0.069 | [26] | |||
MSSE 12-8 | 2.284 | [26] | |||
MSSE 14-4 | 4.567 | [68] | |||
MSSE 14-6 | 4.567 | [68] | |||
MRSE 12-1 | 0.571 | [26,69] | |||
MRSE 12-6 | 16.539 | [26] | |||
MRSE 14-22 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
MRSE 14-37 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
MRSE 14-39 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
L. acidophilus | RSKK 06029 | 92.785 | [28] | ||
L. monocytogenes | ATCC 43251 | <1.370 | [28] | ||
S. aureus | ATCC 25923 | 2.900 | [28] | ||
<0.018 | [26,69] | ||||
CMCC 26003 | 0.137 | [68] | |||
MSSA ATCC 29213 | 0.057 | [50] | |||
MSSA12-1 | 0.034 | [26] | |||
MSSA12-2 | 0.018 | [26] | |||
MSSA12-4 | <0.018 | [26,69] | |||
MSSA12-5 | 0.034 | [26] | |||
MSSA14-3 | <0.018 | [68] | |||
MSSA14-4 | <0.018 | [68] | |||
community-acquired MRSAUSA300 | 3.654 | [50] | |||
healthcare-acquired MRSA NRS70 | 0.057 | [50] | |||
MRSA 12-1 | 18.269 | [69] | |||
MRSA12-2 | 18.269 | [26] | |||
MRSA12-4 | 18.269 | [26] | |||
MRSA12-5 | 18.269 | [26] | |||
MRSA 14-4 | 27.404 | [68] | |||
MRSA14-5 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
MRSA | <1.370 | [28] | |||
S. pneumoniae | ATCC 19615 | 0.034 | [68] | ||
ATCC 49619 | 0.137 | [69] | |||
R6 | 0.365 | [50] |
Fluoroquinolone | G −ve Bacteria | Strain | MIC (µM) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generation | Name | ||||
Second Generation | Norfloxacin | E. coli | ATCC 8739 | <0.251 | [1] |
ATCC 25922 | 3.132 | [43] | |||
<0.094 | [24] | ||||
<1.879 | [28] | ||||
117.433 | [45] | ||||
0.128 | [46] | ||||
ATCC 35218 | 6.263 | [46] | |||
F-50 | 0.595 | [44] | |||
NCDC 134 | 125.262 | [42] | |||
K. pneumoniae | ATCC13883 | 4.134 | [28] | ||
P. aeruginosa | ATCC 9027 | 9.708 | [44] | ||
1.002 | [1] | ||||
ATCC 27853 | >1565.773 | [45] | |||
19.572 | [43] | ||||
ATCC 43288 | 16.503 | [28] | |||
NCDC 105 | 46.973 | [42] | |||
PAO1 | 12.526 | [47] | |||
Y. pseudotuberculosis | ATCC 911 | 1.879 | [28] | ||
0.128 | [46] | ||||
Lomefloxacin | E. coli | F-50 | 8.823 | [44] | |
P. aeruginosa | 9027 | 17.931 | [44] | ||
Ciprofloxacin | A. haemolyticus | ATCC 19002 | 0.755 | [62] | |
A. baumannii | ATCC17961 | 0.240 | [58] | ||
CIP 7010 | 0.377 | [62] | |||
CAN-ICU 63169 | 6.036 | [21] | |||
A. coacetius | ATCC 19606 | 1.509 | [55] | ||
1.360 | [51] | ||||
C. freundii | ATCC 43864 | ≤0.091 | [55] | ||
1.380 | [51] | ||||
E. aerogenes | ATCC 13048 | ≤0.080 | [51] | ||
≤0.091 | [55] | ||||
E. cloacae | ATCC 43560 | ≤0.091 | [55] | ||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
E. coli | ESBLs(+)14-11 | 24.144 | [54] | ||
48.289 | [55] | ||||
ESBL+ 14-2 | 96.577 | [54] | |||
14-1 | 24.144 | [54] | |||
14-2 | 24.144 | [54] | |||
ATCC-29213 | ≤0.755 | [21,52] | |||
ATCC 25922 | <1.811 | [28,63] | |||
0.024 | [54,57] | ||||
0.031 | [48] | ||||
0.010 | [66] | ||||
61.869 | [49] | ||||
0.091 | [62] | ||||
0.002 | [24] | ||||
NR 17663 | 0.002 | [24] | |||
NR 17666 | 0.045 | [24] | |||
NR 17661 | 96.577 | [24] | |||
ATCC 25922 ESBLs(-); | ≤0.091 | [55] | |||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
ATCC 25922 (wild type) | ≤ 0.091 | [76] | |||
ATCC 35218 | 0.045 | [60,61] | |||
16.961 | [34] | ||||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
BW5328/pAH69 (wild type) | ≤ 0.091 | [76] | |||
CAN-ICU 61714 (GEN-R) | ≤0.755 | [21] | |||
CAN-ICU 63074 (AMK 32) | ≤0.755 | [21] | |||
CANWARD-2011 97615 | 772.616 | [21] | |||
gyrA S83LD87N, parC S80I E84G, AcrA+ | >96.577 | [76] | |||
DC0 | 0.470 | [58] | |||
DC2 | 0.240 | [58] | |||
F-50 | 0.573 | [44] | |||
K12 | 0.604 | [50] | |||
K12 ΔlacU169 | 0.005 | [67] | |||
K12 ΔlacU169 tolC::Tn10 | 0.001 | ||||
K12 ΔlacU169 tolC::Tn10 gyrA S83L | 0.019 | ||||
K12 ΔlacU169 tolC::Tn10 gyrA D87Y | 0.009 | ||||
imp-4213 (permeable outer membrane) | ≤0.091 | [76] | |||
JW5503-1 (ΔtoIC) | ≤0.0.091 | [76] | |||
MC4100 (wild type) | ≤0.091 | [76] | |||
NB27005-CDY0039 (ΔtolC, gyrA S83L D83G, parC S80I) | 6.036 | [76] | |||
NCDC 134 | 75.451 | [42] | |||
NCTC 8196 | 0.031 | [48] | |||
0.040 | [66] | ||||
ATCC 8739 | 28.007 | [65] | |||
Penicillin Resistant E. coli | 0.377 μM (68.9% survival of bacteria | [77] | |||
H. pylori | NCTC 11916 | 1.811 | [72] | ||
Clinical isolate | 0.905 | [72] | |||
K. pneumoniae | ATCC 13883 | ≤0.755 | [21] | ||
1.811 | [28] | ||||
0.755 | [62] | ||||
0.050 | [66] | ||||
ATCC 35657 | 0.021 | [60,61] | |||
ATCC 700603 ESBLs (+) | 1.509 | [55] | |||
1.360 | [51] | ||||
0.755 | [63] | ||||
7 ESBLs(-) | ≤0.091 | [55] | |||
7 ESBLs (-) | ≤0.080 | [51] | |||
ESBL+ 14–17 | 1.509 | [54] | |||
ESBL+ 14–18 | 1.509 | [54] | |||
ESBL+ 14–19 | 193.154 | [54] | |||
14-1 | 96.577 | [54] | |||
14-2 | 48.288 | [54] | |||
14-3 | >386.308 | [54] | |||
14-4 | 96.577 | [54] | |||
K. pneumonia | 40.160 | [78] | |||
M. catarrhalis | ATCC 25238 | 0.091 | [60,61] | ||
M. morganii | ATCC 25830 | ≤0.091 | [55] | ||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
P. aeruginosa | ATCC 9027 | 0.720 | [57] | ||
1.177 | [44] | ||||
ATCC 15442 | 0.755 | [48] | |||
ATCC 43288 | <0.091 | [62] | |||
3.954 | [28] | ||||
ATCC 27853 | 1.509 | [48] | |||
1.509 | [54] | ||||
0.680 | [51] | ||||
0.755 | [55] | ||||
0.755 | [62,63] | ||||
3.018 | [21] | ||||
CAN-ICU 62308 (GEN-R) | 6.036 | [21] | |||
CANWARD-2011 96846 | 12.072 | [21] | |||
DSM 1117 Mueller–Hinton | 0.755 | [79] | |||
DSM 1117 Succinate minimum medium | 0.755 | ||||
DSM 1117 Succinate minimum medium + FeCl3 (1 lM) | 0.755 | ||||
AM 85 Mueller–Hinton | 48.288 | ||||
AM 85 Succinate minimum medium | 48.288 | ||||
AM 85 Succinate minimum medium + FeCl3 (1 lM) | 96.577 | ||||
K799/wt | 0.470 | [58] | |||
K799/61 | 0.240 | [58] | |||
K1542 (ΔmexX, DmexB) | 0.181 | [76] | |||
NCDC 105 | 150.901 | [42] | |||
NB52023-CDK005 (ΔmexX, DmexB, gyrA T83I) | 1.509 | [76] | |||
NB52023-CDK006 (ΔmexX, ΔmexB, gyrA T83I, parC S87L) | 12.072 | [76] | |||
PAO1 | 1.177 | [50] | |||
PA01 (Wild type) | 0.377 | [76] | |||
- | 5.030 | [47] | |||
- | 0.589 | [49] | |||
14-9 | 1.509 | [54] | |||
14-14 | 3.018 | [54] | |||
14-15 | 3.018 | [54] | |||
14-16 | 3.018 | [54] | |||
P. mirabilis | ATCC 12453 | 0.045 | [57] | ||
ATCC 49565 | ≤0.080 | [51] | |||
13-1 | ≤0.091 | [55] | |||
P. rettgeri | ATCC 31052 | ≤0.091 | [55] | ||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
P. vulgaris | ATCC 29905 | ≤0.091 | [55] | ||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
S. marcescens | ATCC 21074 | 0.160 | [51] | ||
0.181 | [55] | ||||
S. maltophilia | ATCC 13636 | 5.450 | [51] | ||
12.072 | [55] | ||||
CAN-ICU 62584 | 1.325 | [56] | |||
S. pneumoniae | ATCC 49619 | 0.755 | [26] | ||
12-18 | 3.018 | [26] | |||
Y. pseudotuberculosis | ATCC 911 | 1.812 | [28] | ||
Ciprofloxacin HCl | E. aerogenes | ATCC 13048 | 0.086–0.172 | [64] | |
CM64 | 01.363 | [64] | |||
E. coli | ATCC 25922 | <1.636 | [28] | ||
0.022 (pH 7.4) | [64] | ||||
K. pneumoniae | ATCC13883 | <1.636 | [28] | ||
P. aeruginosa | ATCC 43288 | 3.435 | [28] | ||
Y. pseudotuberculosis | ATCC 911 | <1.636 | [28] | ||
Third Generation | Levofloxacin | A. coacetious | ATCC 19606 | 0.346 | [55] |
0.350 | [51] | ||||
C. freundii | ATCC 43864 | ≤.0.083 | [55] | ||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
E. aerogenes | ATCC 13048 | 0.166 | [55] | ||
0.170 | [51] | ||||
E. cloacae | ATCC 43560 | ≤.0.083 | [55] | ||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
E. coli | ATCC 25922 | 0.346 | [68] | ||
0.0412 | [24] | ||||
<0.022 | [69] | ||||
ATCC 25922 ESBLs− | ≤0.083 | [55] | |||
88.610 | [51] | ||||
ATCC 35218 ESBLs+ | ≤0.080 | [51] | |||
NR 17663 | 0.083 | [24] | |||
NR 17666 | 0.083 | [24] | |||
NR 17661 | 88.552 | [24] | |||
12-6 | 0.692 | [69] | |||
12-11 | 11.069 | [69] | |||
ESBL+ 14-1 | 11.069 | [54] | |||
44.276 | [69] | ||||
5.534 | [68] | ||||
ESBL+ 14-2 | 21.810 | [54] | |||
21.810 | [68] | ||||
14-1 | 21.810 | [54] | |||
10.905 | [68] | ||||
14-2 | 21.810 | [54] | |||
10.905 | [68] | ||||
K. pneumoniae | ESBL+ 14-17 | 1.363 | [54] | ||
10.905 | [68] | ||||
ESBL+ 14-18 | 1.363 | [54] | |||
2.276 | [68] | ||||
ESBL+ 14-19 | 174.482 | [54,68] | |||
- | 11.069 | [80] | |||
14-1 | 43.621 | [54,68] | |||
14-2 | 21.810 | [54] | |||
14-3 | 87.241 | [54] | |||
43.621 | [68] | ||||
14-4 | 43.621 | [54] | |||
21.810 | [68] | ||||
ATCC 700603 ESBLs+ | 1.364 | [55] | |||
1.380 | [51] | ||||
ESBLs- | ≤0.082 | [55] | |||
ESBLs- | 0.170 | [51] | |||
12-4 | 0.082 | [69] | |||
12-7 | 1.363 | [69] | |||
P. aeruginosa | ATCC 27853 | 2.726 | [54,55,68] | ||
5.540 | [51] | ||||
14-9 | 1.363 | [54] | |||
2.726 | [68] | ||||
14-11 | 5.453 | [68] | |||
14-14 | 5.453 | [54] | |||
14-15 | 5.453 | [54,68] | |||
14-16 | 5.453 | [54] | |||
14-19 | 5.453 | [68] | |||
12-12 | 1.363 | [69] | |||
12-14 | 87.241 | [69] | |||
12-20 | 21.810 | [69] | |||
M. morganii | ATCC 25830 | ≤0.083 | [55] | ||
≤0.080 | [51] | ||||
P. mirabilis | 13-1 | 0.166 | [55] | ||
ATCC 49565 | ≤0.080 | [51] | |||
P. rettgeri | ATCC 31052 | ≤0.080 | [51] | ||
≤0.83 | [55] | ||||
P. vulgaris | ATCC 29905 | ≤0.080 | [51] | ||
≤0.083 | [55] | ||||
S. maltophilia | ATCC 13636 | 2.767 | [55] | ||
1.380 | [51] | ||||
S. marcescens | ATCC 21074 | 0.350 | [51] | ||
0.356 | [55] | ||||
S. pneumoniae | ATCC 49619 | 0.345 | [26] | ||
12-18 | 2.535 | [26] | |||
Sparifloxacin | E. coli | F-50 | 0.484 | [44] | |
P. aeruginosa | ATCC 9027 | 0.484 | [44] | ||
Gatifloxacin | E. coli | ATCC 700603 | 0.160 | [71] | |
NCDC 134 | 266.387 | [42] | |||
K. pneumoniae | ATCC 25922 | 2.664 | [71] | ||
P. aeruginosa | NCDC 105 | 106.555 | [42] | ||
Moxifloxacin HCl | A. baumannii | ATCC 19606 | 0.972 | [50] | |
E. coli | ATCC 25922 | 0.137 | [68] | ||
<0.018 | [69] | ||||
0.037 | [24] | ||||
<1.370 | [28] | ||||
NR 17663 | 0.037 | [24] | |||
NR 17666 | 0.075 | [24] | |||
NR 17661 | 79.715 | [24] | |||
12-6 | 1.142 | [69] | |||
12-11 | 36.539 | [69] | |||
ESBL+ 12-14 | 36.539 | [69] | |||
ESBL+ 14-1 | 4.567 | [68] | |||
ESBL+ 14-2 | 36.539 | [68] | |||
14-1 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
14-2 | 36.539 | [68] | |||
K. pneumoniae | ATCC 13883 | <1.370 | [28] | ||
ESBL+ 14-17 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
ESBL+ 14-18 | 2.284 | [68] | |||
ESBL+ 14-19 | 146.155 | [68] | |||
14-1 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
14-2 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
14-3 | 73.077 | [68] | |||
14-4 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
12-4 | 0.069 | [69] | |||
ESBL+ 12-7 | 1.142 | [69] | |||
S. pneumoniae | ATCC 49619 | 0.137 | [26] | ||
12-18 | 1.142 | [26] | |||
P. aeruginosa | ATCC 27853 | 4.567 | [68] | ||
ATCC 43288 | 11.601 | [28] | |||
14-9 | 9.135 | [68] | |||
14-11 | 36.539 | [68] | |||
14-15 | 36.539 | [68] | |||
14-16 | 18.269 | [68] | |||
14-19 | 2.284 | [68] | |||
PA01 | 7.722 | [50] | |||
12-12 | 4.567 | [69] | |||
12-14 | 36.539 | [69] | |||
12-20 | 18.269 | [69] | |||
Y. pseudotuberculosis | ATCC 911 | <1.495 | [28] |
Fluoroquinolone | Mycobacterium Bacteria | Strain | MIC (mM) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generation | Name | ||||
Second Generation | Norfloxacin | M. smegmatis | ATCC 607 | 16.503 | [28] |
No activity | [46] | ||||
Ciprofloxacin | M. tuberculosis | 36.216–51.307 | [63] | ||
MTB H37Rv | MIC90 1.780 | [27] | |||
3.018 | [81] | ||||
MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294 | 0.755 | [26,68] | |||
MDR-TB | 6.036 | [81] | |||
MDR-MTB 6133 resistant to INH and RFP | 0.377 | [26] | |||
MDR-MTB 11277 resistant to INH and RFP | 0.377 | [26] | |||
M. vaccae IMET10670 | 0.470 | [58] | |||
M. smegmatis | ATCC607 | >120.721 | [28] | ||
Cipro HCl | M. smegmatis | ATCC607 | >109.052 | [28] | |
Third Generation | Levofloxacin | M. tuberculosis | H37RV 76? | 1.384 | [65] |
MTB H37Rv ATCC 27294 | 0.692 | [26,68] | |||
MDR-MTB 6133 resistant to INH and RFP | 0.377 | [26] | |||
MDR-MTB 11277 resistant to INH and RFP | 0.692 | [26] | |||
R2012-123 (pan-sensitive) | 0.692 | [65] | |||
MDR-TB | ND | [75] | |||
M. abscessus | 5.535 | [24] | |||
M. chelonae | 5.535 | [24] | |||
M. fortuitum | 0.346 | [24] | |||
M. avium | ND | [75] | |||
M. terrae | ND | [75] | |||
R-2012-59 (MDR) | 0.692 | [65] | |||
R-2012-97 (XDR) | 22.138 | [65] | |||
M. abscessus | ATCC19977 | >88.552 | [65] | ||
M. chelonae | ATCC35752 | 1.384 | [65] | ||
M. fortuitum | ATCC06841 | 0.346 | [65] | ||
Moxifloxacin | M. tuberculosis | H37Rv ATCC27294 | 0.311 | [65] | |
MTB H37Rv | 0.228 | [82] | |||
MDR-TB | 0.274 | [82] | |||
R2012-123 (pan-sensitive) | 0.137 | [65] | |||
M. smegmatis (MXF HCl) | ATCC607 | >91.347 | [28] | ||
Antituberculosis | 0.440 | [28] | |||
R-2012-59 (MDR) | ≤0.069 | [65] | |||
R-2012-97 (XDR) | 4.567 | [65] | |||
M. abscessus | ATCC19977 | >73.077 | [65] | ||
M. chelonae | ATCC35752 | 0.571 | [65] | ||
M. fortuitum | ATCC06841 | 0.137 | [65] |
Fluoroquinolone | Fungi and Cancer | Strain | Inhibitory Effect | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Generation | Name | ||||
Second Generation | Norfloxacin | C. albicans | ATCC 60193 | No zone of inhibition | [28] |
S. cerevisiae | RSKK 251 | No zone of inhibition | |||
Ciprofloxacin | A. clavatus | No zone of inhibition | [86] | ||
C. albicans | ATCC 90873 amphotericin B-resistant | MIC 97.784 μM | [34] | ||
C. albicans | ATCC 60193 | No zone of inhibition | [86] | ||
T. brucei | 427/421 | MIC 100 μM GI50 30.9 ± 3.3 μM | [66] | ||
Lung adenocarcinoma | A549 | MIC 50 μM | [61] | ||
Colon cancer | HCT-116 | MIC 50 μM | [61] | ||
Breast cancer | MCF-7 | MIC 50 μM | [61] | ||
HEPG2, liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells | ATCC HB-8065 | IC50 ≥ 1207.211 μM | [50] | ||
Vero, kidney epithelial cells | ATCC CCL-81. | IC50 ≥ 1207.211 μM | [50] | ||
Human primary colon cancer | (SW480) | IC50 160.4 ± 6.7 μM | [48] | ||
Human metastatic colon cancer | (SW620) | IC50 200.4 ± 4.9 μM | [48] | ||
Human metastatic prostate cancer | (PC3) | IC50 101.4 ± 3.6 μM | [48] | ||
Human immortal keratinocyte cell line from adult human skin | (HaCaT) | IC50 222.1 ± 5.2 μM | [48] | ||
LDH release | HaCaT | LDH release % 4.6% at 60 μM 4.2% 40 μM 3.9% 20 μM 3.2% 10 μM | [48] | ||
LDH release | SW480 | LDH release % 15% at 60 μM 14.5% at 40 μM 14.2% at 20 μM 12% at 10 μM | [48] | ||
LDH release | SW620 | LDH release % 9.3% at 60 μM 9.1% at 40 μM 8.9% at 20 μM 8.1% at 10 μM | [48] | ||
LDH release | PC3 | LDH release % 18% at 60 μM 17.5% at 40 μM 16.5% at 20 μM 14% at 10 μM | [48] | ||
Urease inhibitory activity | 94.32 μM | [78] | |||
HL-60 | MIC > 100 μM GI50 > 100 μM | [66] | |||
Selectivity | MIC > 1 μM ratio GI50 > 3.2 μM ratio | [66] | |||
L929 | GI50 >100 ± n.d. μM | [66] | |||
HeLa | GI50 560 ± 22.6 μM | [66] | |||
DNA gyrase | IC50 0.15 μM | [66] | |||
Topoisomerase IV | 4.00 μM | [66] | |||
Cytotoxicity | >100 μM | [27] | |||
Cipro HCl | C. albicans | ATCC 60193 | No inhibition | [28] | |
S. cerevisiae | RSKK 251 | No inhibition | [28] | ||
Third Generation | Levofloxacin | Vero Cells | CC50 > 276.73 μM | [70] | |
A549 | 76.3 ± 6.51 μM | [87] | |||
HepG2 | >100 μM | ||||
MCF-7 | 64.2 ± 5.67 μM | ||||
PC-3 | >100 μM | ||||
HeLa | 71.1 ± 4.98 μM | ||||
MCF-10A (Human breast epithelial cell line) | >100 μM | ||||
Moxifloxacin | S. cerevisiae | RSKK 251 | No inhibition | [28] | |
HEPG2, liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells | ATCC HB-8065 | ≥ 996.435 μM | [50] | ||
Vero, kidney epithelial cells | ATCC CCL-81 | ≥ 996.435 μM | [50] |
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Suaifan, G.A.R.Y.; Mohammed, A.A.M.; Alkhawaja, B.A. Fluoroquinolones’ Biological Activities against Laboratory Microbes and Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules 2022, 27, 1658. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051658
Suaifan GARY, Mohammed AAM, Alkhawaja BA. Fluoroquinolones’ Biological Activities against Laboratory Microbes and Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules. 2022; 27(5):1658. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051658
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuaifan, Ghadeer A. R. Y., Aya A. M. Mohammed, and Bayan A. Alkhawaja. 2022. "Fluoroquinolones’ Biological Activities against Laboratory Microbes and Cancer Cell Lines" Molecules 27, no. 5: 1658. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051658