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Article

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-Substituted Semicarbazides/Thiosemicarbazides as Anti-Tumor Nur77 Modulators

by
Hongyu Hu
1,2,3,4,5,†,
Jiangang Huang
3,†,
Yin Cao
3,†,
Zhaolin Zhang
4,
Fengming He
3,
Xianfu Lin
1,
Qi Wu
1,* and
Shengxian Zhao
2,5,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2
College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Cixi 315302, China
3
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, South Xiang-An Road, Xiamen 361102, China
4
Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Lanxi 321004, China
5
Zhejiang Apeloa Kangyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Dongyang 322118, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Molecules 2022, 27(5), 1698; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051698
Submission received: 3 February 2022 / Revised: 23 February 2022 / Accepted: 1 March 2022 / Published: 4 March 2022
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Abstract

:
Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor that participates in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors. Many agonists of Nur77 have been reported to have significant anticancer effects. Our previous studies have found that the introduction of bicyclic aromatic rings, such as naphthalyl and quinoline groups, into the N′-methylene position of indoles’ Nur77 modulators can effectively improve the anti-tumor activity of the target compounds. Following our previous studies, a series of novel 1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-substituted semicarbazide/thiosemicarbazide derivatives 9a–9w were designed and synthesized in four steps from 6-methoxy-2-acetonaphthone and N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal. All compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS, and their anti-tumor activity on various cancer cell lines such as A549, HepG2, HGC-27, MCF-7 and HeLa are also evaluated. From the series of compounds, 9h exhibited the most potent anti-proliferative activity against several cancer cells. Colony formation and cell cycle experiments showed that compound 9h inhibited cell growth and arrested the cell cycle. Additionally, 9h leads to the cleavage of PARP. We initially explored the mechanism of 9h-induced apoptosis and found that compound 9h can upregulate Nur77 expression and triggered Nur77 nuclear export, indicating the occurrence of Nur77-mediated apoptosis. These results suggested that 9h may be a promising anti-tumor leading compound for the further research.

1. Introduction

Nuclear receptors are important targets for drug development, which are related to the therapeutic effects of 16% of small molecule drugs [1]. Nur77 is an orphan nuclear receptor in the nuclear receptor family. Although its natural ligand has not been discovered yet, it can be regulated by a variety of intracellular and extracellular stimuli and specific agonists/antagonists, and is involved in physiological regulation such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, aging and immunity [2,3,4,5,6]. It has been found that Nur77 is a key participant and regulator in the occurrence and development of a variety of tumors [7], and it has abnormal expression in a variety of tumors, including liver cancer [8,9], prostate cancer [10] and colon cancer [11], and is closely related to tumor development, invasion and metastasis. Many agonists of Nur77 have been reported to have significant anticancer effects. For example, small molecule compound CsnB isolated from marine endophytic fungi [12], celastrol isolated from the root of Tripterygium wilfordii [13], sterol compounds ATE-I2-B4 and H-9 isolated from toad skin [14], ginsenoside compound CK isolated from ginseng [15] and bisindole compounds DiM-C-pPhOH [16] and shikonin derivative SK07 modulate the Nur77-Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway [17]. These studies suggested that Nur77 is an ideal and effective drug target for the development of anti-tumor small molecule drugs.
In recent years, our group has studied the anti-tumor activities of a series of indoles derivatives as novel Nur77 regulators on liver cancer cells, lung cancer cells, breast cancer cells and gastric cancer cells [18,19,20]. However, currently synthesized small molecule compounds targeting Nur77 are not strong enough in binding, activity and specificity. On the other hand, Nur77 plays a dual role in promoting the proliferation and death of tumor cells, and its biological function depends on different external stimuli and is tissue and cell specific [21]. Nur77 is involved in the regulation of various metabolic processes and its role and mechanism in tumor formation remain to be further clarified [21].
In our previous studies, it was found that indole-spliced urea derivatives can induce Nur77 expression and transfer from nuclear to mitochondria and activate the apoptosis pathway to inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells [18]. Interestingly, we found that the introduction of bicyclic aromatic rings, such as naphthalyl and quinoline groups, into the N’-methylene position of indoles Nur77 modulators can effectively improve the anti-tumor activity of the target compounds [19]. Over the past few years, we found that some heterocyclic urea/thiourea derivatives have a wide range of anti-tumor activities (Scheme 1) [18,22,23]. As part of our ongoing study, here we synthesized a series of naphthalene pyridine urea/thiourea derivatives, which exhibit significant inhibitory effects on a variety of tumor cells, especially in gastric cancer cells. Further studies showed that compound 9h could inhibit the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer cells and lead to cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, 9h can induce Nur77 expression and nuclear export, suggesting that 9h may mediate apoptosis through Nur77-Bcl-2 pathway. These findings prove that it is a feasible approach to develop anti-gastric cancer drugs targeting Nur77, and compound 9h can be used as a lead compound for further studies.

2. Results

2.1. Chemistry

The general chemistry for the synthesis of 1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-substituted semicarbazide/thiosemicarbazide compounds 9a–9w is outlined in Scheme 2. (E)-3-(dimethylamino)-1-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (3) was prepared by the reaction of 6-methoxy-2-acetonaphthone (1) with N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA) (2), then refluxing of 3 with ethyl acetoacetate (4) in a mixture of acetic acid and ammonium acetate (molar ratio 8:10) afforded ethyl-6-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2-methyl nicotinate (5), the condensation of 5 with hydrazine hydrate (6) resulted in the formation of 6-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2-methylnicotinohydrazide (7), which was adapted from the method reported previously [24]. Finally, compound 7 was converted into the target compounds 9a–9w by the reactions of 7 with treatment with the corresponding isocyanate/isothiocyanate (8). The target compounds were characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS. Take compound 9h, for example, the broad peaks at 8.38, 9.03 and 10.35 ppm correspond to three NH, two single peaks at 2.72 and 3.91 ppm correspond to methyl group on the pyridine ring and on the naphthalene ring, respectively. The remaining 12 hydrogens at 7.06–8.65 ppm correspond to hydrogen substituted on the benzene ring, pyridine ring and naphthalene ring. The calculated value of C25H22ClN4O3 [M + H]+ is 461.1375 and the measured value is 461.1787, the relative error is 2.6 ppm. Therefore, it can be proved that the structure of 9h is accurate.

2.2. Biological Evaluation

2.2.1. Antiproliferative Screening In Vitro

Antiproliferative activities of all the derivatives were assessed with a panel of three human cancer cell lines, namely MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), HGC-27 (gastric cancer) and HeLa (cervical cancer) (Table 1).
As shown in Table 1, it was observed that most of the compounds had inhibited growth of three tumor cell lines with moderate IC50 values. Results have shown that compounds 9h and 9u exhibited good cytotoxicities against HGC-27 cells with the IC50 of 1.40 μM and 4.56 μM. Among the compounds, 9h and 9u in particular displayed more potent anti-proliferative activity than the other compounds. We used compound 9h and 9u for further biological activity studies.

2.2.2. Effect of Compound 9h and 9u on Cell Growth, Cell Cycle and Apoptosis

Compound 9h and 9u has the ability to inhibit HGC-27 cell growth by colonogenic survival assays. Treatment of cells with compound 9h and 9u for two weeks completely inhibited colony formation of HGC-27 cells in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 1). To rule out whether compound 9h and 9u played a role in cell cycle, flow cytometry was performed to examine cell cycle after 8 h of treatment. The results revealed that compound 9h and 9u induced cell cycle blockage in G2-M phase (Figure 2A). Production of cleaved PARP is an important index to assess whether apoptosis has happened. Compound 9h and 9u could induce the PARP cleavage in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner (Figure 2B). Thus, by blocking the cell cycle at the G2-M phase, compound 9h and 9u led to cell growth inhibition and cell apoptosis in HGC-27. On the other hand, we assessed the toxicity of 9h and 9u on various cell lines including five cancer cell lines, HepG2, A549, MDA-MB-231, H460 and A875, and two normal cell lines, MRC-5 and LO2. The results showed that 9u exhibited stronger toxicity toward normal cell lines than 9h (Table 2). Therefore, we selected 9h as the hit compound for further research.

2.2.3. 9h Induces Expression and Nuclear Export of Nur77, Which May Mediate 9h-Induced Apoptosis

Several reports have confirmed that compounds can mediate apoptosis by regulating Nur77 expression and nuclear localization, especially by activating the classical apoptotic Nur77-Bcl2 signaling pathway [25]. We therefore examined the effect of 9h on Nur77 expression and showed that 9h induced Nur77 expression and PARP cleavage in a concentration-dependent manner (Figure 3A). Localization of Nur77 was determined by nuclear-cytosol fractionation experiments and immunofluorescence; the results showed that 9h significantly induced Nur77 nuclear export (Figure 3B,C), indicating that 9h may mediate apoptosis in gastric cancer cells mainly by regulating Nur77 expression and localization.

2.2.4. Molecular Docking Study of 9h and Nur77

We further performed molecular docking experiments to predict the interactions between 9h and Nur77-LBD to identify a putative binding model for this molecule. Firstly, the native ligand 3mj of the cocrystal structure was re-docked into Nur77-LBD (ligand-binding domain of Nur77) using the Induced Fit Docking (IFD) method to evaluate the docking performance. The overlay of these structures showed that the re-docked ligand was consistent with its pose in the crystal structures (RMSD value 0.98 Å, Figure 4). Next, we used the same IFD protocol to execute the molecular docking of 9h. As shown in Figure 5A, 9h could bind to the active pocket of Nur77, and the naphthalene group of which was inserted into the hydrophobic pocket of Nur77-LBD. Docking results depicted how 9h interacted with the binding site of Nur77 (Figure 5B). The binding of 9h to Nur77 is mainly contributed to by hydrogen bonding interactions and hydrophobic interactions. Table 3 described in detail the specific distances of hydrophobic interactions of hydrophobic moiety of 9h with hydrophobic cavity formed by LEU118, LEU162, LEU165, VAL167, PHE172, LEU175, LEU178, VAL179, LEU224, LEU228 and LEU231. From Table 4, it was found that 9h formed five hydrogen bonds with GLU114 (2.36 Å), VAL179 (2.54 Å and 2.53 Å) and ARG232 (1.85 Å and 3.39 Å), respectively, which would facilitate the stable binding of 9h to Nur77. Besides, 9h ( Δ G b i n d = −85.60 kcal/mol) exhibited higher binding affinity compared to the predicted binding free energy of the native ligand 3mj ( Δ G b i n d = −62.41 kcal/mol), which was also consistent with their IFDScore (9h = −481.19, 3mj = −475.23). Collectively, 9h could be a potent potential Nur77 binder to exert anti-tumor activities.

3. Experimental Section

3.1. General Information

All reagents were purchased and used without further purification unless otherwise indicated. Reactions were magnetically stirred and monitored by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on Merck silica gel 60F-254 (Darmstadt, Germany) under UV light. The final compounds were purified by column chromatography. 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AV2 600 MHz (Billerica, MA, USA). Chemical shifts were given in parts per million (ppm) relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. High-resolution mass spectral (HRMS) data were acquired on a Q Exactive LC-MS/MS (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) instrument with UV detection at 254 nM in low-resonance electrospray mode (ESI). The molecular masses of compounds were calculated by CHEMDRAW ULTRA 12.0 Software (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).

3.2. Synthesis

3.2.1. Procedure for Preparation of the (E)-3-(Dimethylamino)-1-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)prop-2-en-1-one (3)

The mixture of 6-methoxy-2-acetonaphthone (1) (4 g, 20 mmol) and N-dimethylformamide dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA, 2) (2.64 mL, 20 mmol) was stirred at room temperature overnight, and the reaction was monitored by TLC. After the reaction was finished, the solvent was evaporated. The solid product 3 was recovered and recrystallized from ethanol as pure yellow powder (m.p. 125–127 °C; yield: 91%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.46 (s, 1H), 8.98–7.17(m, 6H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 4.36 (s, 3H), 4.08 (s, 6H)) [24].

3.2.2. Procedure for Preparation of the Ethyl-6-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2-methylnicotinate (5)

To a solution of acetic acid and ammonium acetate (molar ratio 8:10), (750 mg, 3 mmol) of enaminone 3 and (400 mg, 3 mmol) of ethylacetoacetate (4) were added. The reaction mixture was then refluxed for 6 h and monitored by TLC. After the reaction was cooled down to room temperature, the precipitated white powder was filtered off and washed with ethanol to afford compound 5 (m.p. 112–114 °C; yield: 94%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.34-8.23 (m, 2H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.35 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 2.84 (s, 3H), 1.36 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H) [24].

3.2.3. Procedure for Preparation of 6-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2-methylnicotinohydrazide (7)

The solution of ethyl-6-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2-methylnicotinate (5) and excess hydrazinehydrate 80% (6) in ethanol (10mL) was refluxed for 6 h at 80 °C. After the reaction was cooled down to room temperature, the resulted precipitate was filtered off, washed with ethanol and recrystallized from ethanol to give compound 7 as yellow powder (m.p. 220–222 °C; yield: 70%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.64 (s, 1H), 8.62 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (dd, J = 2.0, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.00–7.90 (m, 3H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.13 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J = 2.5, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (brs, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H)) [24].

3.2.4. Procedure for the Preparation of 9a–9w

A solution of 6-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2yl)-2-methylnicotinohydrazide (7) and appropriate isocyanate/isothiocyanate (8, 0.05 mol) in ethanol (10 mL) was refluxed at 80 °C for about 4 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC. After completion of the reaction, the mixture was concentrated and the residue was purified by column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate/petroleum ether = 1/4) to obtain white solid. 1H-, 13C- spectra of all synthetized molecules are available in the Supplementary Materials (Figures S1–S69).
4-Cyclopentyl-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)semicarbazide (9a): m.p. 231–233 °C; yield: 60.1%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.99 (s, 1H), 8.64 (s, 1H), 8.25 (dd, J = 1.3, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (t, J = 9.2 Hz, 2H), 7.93 (dd, J = 2.8, 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J = 2.8, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.98-3.92 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 1.88–1.77 (m, 2H), 1.70–1.60 (m, 2H), 1.56–1.47 (m, 2H), 1.40 (qd, J = 6.3, 12.2 Hz, 2H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.3, 158.5, 158.1, 156.6, 156.5, 137.1, 135.3, 133.6, 130.8, 128.9, 128.6, 127.6, 126.5, 125.2, 119.6, 117.3, 106.3, 55.7, 51.6, 33.1, 23.7, 23.6; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C24H27N4O3 [M + H]+ 419.2078, found 419.2070.
4-Vyclohexyl-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)semicarbazide (9b): m.p. 236–237 °C; yield: 64.2%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.99 (s, 1H), 8.63 (s, 1H), 8.33–8.21 (m, 1H), 7.99 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.95–7.91 (m, 2H), 7.86 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.51–3.43 (m, 1H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 1.79 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 2H), 1.72–1.62 (m, 2H), 1.59–1.50 (m, 1H), 1.34–1.24 (m, 2H), 1.23–1.10 (m, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.3, 158.5, 157.8, 156.6, 156.5, 137.1, 135.3, 133.6, 130.8, 128.9, 128.6, 127.6, 126.5, 125.2, 119.6, 117.3, 106.3, 55.7, 48.6, 33.5, 25.7, 25.1, 23.6; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H29N4O3 [M + H]+ 433.2234, found 433.2244.
4-Benzyl-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)semicarbazide (9c): m.p. 228–229 °C; yield: 60.2%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.13 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.32–8.25 (m, 1H), 8.17 (s, 1H), 8.02 (t, J =7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 4H), 7.26–7.19 (m, 2H), 7.14 (brs, 1H), 4.34 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.5, 158.8, 158.5, 156.7, 156.7, 141.0, 137.3, 135.4, 133.6, 130.8, 128.9, 128.7, 128.6, 128.5, 128.4, 127.7, 127.4, 127.0, 126.5, 125.3, 119.6, 117.2, 106.3, 55.7, 43.2, 23.7; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O3 [M + H]+ 441.1921, found 441.1904.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-o-tolylsemicarbazide (9d): m.p. 230–232 °C; yield: 66.9%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.27 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.58 (brs, 1H), 8.27 (dd, J = 1.0, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (s, 1H), 8.05–7.97 (m, 3H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (brs, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.4, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.27 (s, 3H);13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.4, 158.5, 156.8, 156.5, 156.2, 137.6, 137.2, 135.4, 133.5, 130.8, 130.7, 128.9, 128.4, 127.7, 126.6, 126.5, 125.3, 125.3, 123.8, 123.8, 119.6, 117.3, 106.3, 55.7, 23.6, 18.3; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O3 [M + H]+ 441.1921, found 441.1933.
1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-m-tolylsemicarbazide (9e): m.p. 220–222 °C; yield: 60.9%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.21 (s, 1H), 8.85 (s, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.29–8.25 (m, 2H), 8.05–8.01 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39–7.35 (m, 2H), 7.31 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.5, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.29 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.5, 158.6, 156.8, 156.5, 155.9, 140.0, 138.3, 137.2, 135.4, 133.6, 130.8, 129.0, 128.9, 128.5, 127.7, 126.5, 125.3, 119.6, 119.5, 117.3, 116.1, 106.3, 55.7, 23.6, 21.7; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O3 [M + H]+ 441.1921, found 441.1922.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-p-tolylsemicarbazide (9f): m.p. 224–225 °C; yield: 68.1%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.20 (s, 1H), 8.82 (brs, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 8.4Hz, 1H), 8.24 (brs, 1H), 8.05–8.01 (m, 1H), 8.00–7.96 (m, 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 8.8Hz, 3H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.2, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H), 2.25 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.5, 158.5, 156.7, 156.5, 137.5, 137.2, 135.4, 133.5, 131.2, 130.8, 129.6, 128.9, 128.5, 127.7, 126.5, 125.2, 119.6, 117.3, 106.3, 55.7, 23.6, 20.8; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O3 [M + H]+ 441.1921, found 441.1922.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)semicarbazide (9g): m.p. 214–217 °C; yield: 70.1%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.19 (d, J = 1.10 Hz, 1H), 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.27 (dd, J = 1.47, 8.80 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (s, 1H), 8.05–8.01 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.38 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.6, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.5, 158.5, 156.7, 156.6, 156.1, 155.0, 137.2, 135.4, 133.5, 133.1, 130.8, 128.9, 128.5, 127.7, 126.5, 125.2, 120.8, 119.6, 117.3, 114.3, 106.3, 55.7, 55.6, 23.7; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O4 [M + H]+ 457.1870, found 457.1858.
4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)semicarbazide (9h): m.p. 221–222 °C; yield: 62.1%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.37 (brs, 1H), 9.06 (brs, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.40 (brs, 1H), 8.27 (dd, J = 1.0, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.16 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.05–8.01(m, 1H), 8.00–7.97 (m, 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.2, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.4, 158.6, 156.9, 156.4, 137.2, 136.9, 136.3, 135.4, 133.5, 130.8, 130.7, 129.7, 128.9, 128.1, 127.7, 127.6, 126.6, 126.4, 125.2, 119.6, 117.4, 106.3, 55.7, 22.2, 23.6; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H22ClN4O3 [M + H]+ 461.1375, found 461.1387.
4-(3,5-Dimethylphenyl)-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)semicarbazide (9i): m.p. 230–231 °C; yield: 69.0%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.21 (s, 1H), 8.77 (brs, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.28 (s, 1H), 8.29–8.24 (m, 1H), 8.26 (d, J = 2.6Hz, 1H), 8.04–8.01 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (s, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.0, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (s, 2H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.24 (s, 6H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.5, 158.5, 156.8, 156.5, 155.9, 139.9, 138.1, 137.2, 135.4, 133.6, 130.7, 128.9, 128.5, 127.7, 126.5, 125.3, 124.0, 119.6, 117.3, 116.7, 106.3, 55.7, 23.6, 21.6; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C27H27N4O3 [M + H]+ 455.2078, found 455.2067.
4-(3,5-Difluorophenyl)-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)semicarbazide (9j): m.p. 224–225 °C; yield: 64.0%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.31 (s, 1H), 8.71 (brs, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.58 (s, 1H), 8.31–8.24 (m, 1H), 8.06–7.91 (m, 5H), 7.38 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34–7.27 (m, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.2, 8.8Hz, 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 8.0Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.4, 158.5, 156.8, 156.5, 155.7, 137.2, 135.4, 133.5, 130.8, 128.9, 128.3, 127.7, 126.5, 125.2, 124.3(d, J = 24.0 Hz), 119.6, 117.3, 111.5(d, J = 22.5 Hz), 106.3, 104.3(d, J = 12.0 Hz), 104.2, 55.7, 23.6; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H21F2N4O3 [M + H]+ 463.1576, found 463.1587.
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)semicarbazide (9k): m.p. 227–228 °C; yield: 60.0%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.26 (s, 1H), 9.28 (brs, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.57 (brs, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.04–8.02 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8Hz, 2H), 7.95–7.91 (m, 2H), 7.54–7.51 (m, 1H), 7.48 (brs, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 1.8Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.2, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.5, 158.5, 156.8, 156.6, 155.7, 140.5, 137.2, 135.4, 133.5, 131.4, 131.0, 130.8, 128.9, 128.3, 127.7, 126.6, 125.2, 123.7, 123.6, 120.1, 119.6, 119.1, 117.3, 106.3, 55.7, 23.7; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H22Cl2N4O3 [M + H]+ 495.0985, found 495.0975.
4-Hexyl-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)thiosemicarbazide (9l): m.p. 195–196 °C; yield: 62.2%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.23 (brs, 1H), 9.32 (brs, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 2H), 8.04 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (brs, 1H), 7.26–7.19 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.48 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 2H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 1.54 (brs, 2H), 1.28 (brs, 6H), 0.96–0.77 (m, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 167.9, 158.5, 156.8, 137.5, 135.4, 133.5, 130.8, 128.9, 127.6, 126.5, 125.3, 119.6, 117.1, 113.2, 110.2, 106.3, 55.7, 44.2, 31.6, 29.2, 26.4, 23.9, 22.6, 14.4; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H31N4O2S [M + H]+ 451.2162, found 451.2150.
4-Cyclohexyl-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)thiosemicarbazide (9m): m.p. 213–214 °C; yield: 70.5%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.19 (brs, 1H), 9.29 (brs, 1H), 8.65 (s, 1H), 8.27 (dd, J = 1.3, 8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.09–8.06 (m, 1H), 8.05–8.01 (m, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.78 (brs, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.16 (brs, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 1.85 (brs, 2H), 1.72 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 2H), 1.59 (d, J = 12.5 Hz, 1H), 1.37–1.21(m, 4H), 1.12 (brs, 1H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 167.8, 167.8, 158.5, 156.8, 137.4, 135.4, 133.5, 130.8, 128.9, 127.7, 127.6, 126.6, 126.5, 125.3, 119.6, 117.1, 106.3, 55.7, 32.3, 32.2, 25.7, 25.3, 23.9; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H29N4O2S [M + H]+ 449.2006, found 449.1993.
4-Benzyl-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)thiosemicarbazide (9n): m.p. 215–216 °C; yield: 67.5%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.39 (brs, 1H), 9.59 (brs, 1H), 8.73 (brs, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42–7.30 (m, 5H), 7.28–7.18 (m, 2H), 4.84 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.0, 158.6, 157.2, 156.9, 139.8, 137.7, 135.4, 133.5, 130.8, 128.9, 128.5, 127.7, 127.5, 127.1, 126.6, 125.3, 119.6, 117.1, 106.3, 55.7, 47.3, 24.0; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O2S [M + H]+ 457.1693, found 457.1680.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-phenethylthiosemicarbazide (9o): m.p. 212–213 °C; yield: 66.1%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.31 (brs, 1H), 9.49 (brs, 1H), 8.68 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.14 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34–7.30 (m, 2H), 7.29–7.26 (m, 2H), 7.25–7.20 (m, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.73 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 2.73 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.0, 158.6, 157.1, 156.9, 139.7, 137.6, 135.4, 133.5, 130.8, 129.1, 128.9, 127.7, 126.6, 126.6, 125.3, 119.6, 117.1, 106.3, 55.7, 45.9, 35.4, 24.0; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C27H27N4O2S [M + H]+ 471.1849, found 471.1839.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-phenylthiosemicarbazide (9p): m.p. 182–183 °C; yield: 66.1%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.49 (brs, 1H), 9.79 (s, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J = 1.7, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.18 (brs, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (brs, 2H), 7.42–7.33 (m, 3H), 7.27–7.14 (m, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 167.9, 158.6, 156.8, 139.7, 137.7, 135.4, 133.5, 131.9, 128.9, 128.7, 128.6, 128.6, 127.7, 126.6, 125.7, 125.3, 119.6, 117.2, 106.3, 55.8, 24.0; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H23N4O2S [M + H]+ 443.1536, found 443.1513.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-o-tolylthiosemicarbazide (9q): m.p. 181–182 °C; yield: 66.1%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.49 (s, 1H), 9.71 (brs, 1H), 9.60 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.27 (dd, J = 1.5, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (brs, 1H), 8.04 (d, J = 8.13 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 2.4Hz, 1H), 7.32–7.13 (m, 5H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.73 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.1, 158.6, 157.1, 156.8, 138.5, 137.8, 135.4, 133.5, 130.8, 130.5, 129.4, 128.9, 127.7, 127.3, 126.6, 126.4, 126.3, 125.3, 119.6, 117.2, 106.3, 55.8, 23.8, 18.2; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O2S [M + H]+ 457.1693, found 457.1700.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-m-tolylthiosemicarbazide (9r): m.p. 179–181 °C; yield: 68.5%; 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.46 (brs, 1H), 9.75 (brs, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.28 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (brs, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.33–7.15 (m, 4H), 7.01 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H), 2.32 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 174.3, 165.6, 158.5, 156.8, 147.8, 139.5, 137.7, 135.4, 134.1, 133.5, 130.8, 128.9, 127.7, 126.6, 125.3, 119.6, 117.1, 109.5, 106.3, 55.8, 40.5, 21.5; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O2S [M + H]+ 457.1693, found 457.1704.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-p-tolylthiosemicarbazide (9s): m.p. 199–201 °C; yield: 68.5%; 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.47 (brs, 1H), 9.81 (brs, 1H), 9.72 (brs, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J = 1.4, 8.6Hz, 1H), 8.18 (brs, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.7Hz, 1H), 7.41–7.32 (m, 3H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.5, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (s, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H), 2.31 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 167.9, 158.6, 157.1, 156.8, 137.7, 137.1, 135.4, 134.7, 133.5, 130.8, 129.2, 129.1, 127.7, 126.6, 125.3, 119.6, 117.1, 106.3, 55.8, 24.0, 21.0; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O2S [M + H]+ 457.1693, found 457.1706.
1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)thiosemicarbazide (9t): m.p. 191–192 °C; yield: 64.0% °C 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.47 (brs, 1H), 9.77 (brs, 1H), 9.70 (brs, 1H), 8.67 (s, 1H), 8.29 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (brs, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.41–7.32 (m, 3H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.0, 158.6, 157.4, 157.1, 156.9, 137.7, 135.4, 133.6, 132.5, 130.8, 128.9, 127.7, 126.6, 125.3, 122.3, 119.6, 117.1, 113.9, 106.3, 55.8, 55.7, 24.0; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C26H25N4O3S [M + H]+ 473.1642, found 473.1680.
4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)thiosemicarbazide (9u): m.p. 269–270 °C; yield: 68.0% °C 1H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.56 (brs, 1H), 9.94 (brs, 1H), 9.66 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 8.28 (dd, J = 1.3, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J = 1.2, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (brs, 1H), 7.42–7.35 (m, 2H), 7.34–7.28 (m, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.5, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.74 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.1, 158.6, 158.6, 157.2, 156.9, 137.8, 137.3, 135.4, 133.5, 131.9, 131.5, 131.1, 130.8, 129.8, 128.9, 128.6, 127.7, 126.6, 125.3, 119.6, 117.1, 106.3, 55.8, 23.9; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H22ClN4O2S [M + H]+ 477.1147, found 477.1159.
4-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)thiosemicarbazide (9v): m.p. 264–266 °C; yield: 68.0% °C 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.58 (brs, 1H), 10.04 (brs, 1H), 9.63 (brs, 1H), 8.67 (brs, 1H), 8.29 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.43–7.37 (m, 2H), 7.34 (t, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.4, 8.99 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.75 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 183.0, 168.0, 158.6, 157.2, 156.9, 137.8, 135.4, 133.5, 132.5, 132.4(d, J = 21.0 Hz), 130.8, 128.9, 127.7, 126.6, 126.4, 125.3, 124.5(t, J = 19.5 Hz), 119.6, 117.1, 111.4(d, J = 27.0Hz), 106.3, 104.7, 104.7, 55.7, 24.0; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H21F2N4O2S [M + H]+ 479.1348, found 479.1336.
4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)thiosemicarbazide (9w): m.p. 219–222 °C; yield: 70.0%°C 1H-NMR (600 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.54 (brs, 1H), 10.09 (brs, 1H), 9.97 (brs, 1H), 8.67 (brs, 1H), 8.29 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (brs, 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.94 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (brs, 1H), 7.65–7.61 (m, 1H), 7.59–7.55 (m, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 2.3, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.76 (s, 3H); 13C-NMR (150 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 168.0, 158.6, 157.0, 143.5, 140.8, 139.9, 137.7, 135.4, 135.1, 133.5, 130.8, 130.3, 128.9, 127.7, 127.5, 126.7, 126.6, 126.2, 125.3, 120.7, 119.6, 117.2, 106.3, 55.7, 24.1; ESI-HRMS (+): m/z calcd for C25H21Cl2N4O2S [M + H]+ 511.0757, found 511.0741.

3.3. Cell Culture

All of the cell lines were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and grown in DMEM or RPMI culture medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (v/v) in 5% CO2 at 37 °C.

3.4. Cytotoxicity against Cell Lines

Confluent cells in good state were cultured in 96-well plates (5–10 × 104 cells/mL). After cells were attached to the plate, compounds with various concentrations were applied at 37 °C for 72 h. Then, the cells were incubated with 10 μL of 5 mg/mL MTT reagent at 37 °C for 4 h. The supernatant was removed, and the cells were dissolved in 100 μL dimethyl sulfoxide and shaken for 5 min. Finally, the light absorption (OD) of the dissolved cells was measured at 490 nM.

3.5. Western Blot Analysis

Equal amounts of the lysates were electrophoresed on 10% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred onto PVDF membranes. After blocked with 5% nonfat milk in TBST (50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl and 0.1% Tween 20) for 1 h, the membranes were incubated with various primary antibodies overnight and secondary antibodies for 3 h, finally detected using an ECL system. The blots were captured with ChemiDoc XRS+System (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).

3.6. Flow Cytometry Assay

Flow cytometry analysis was applied for cell cycle detection. Firstly, HGC-27 cell was adjusted to 1 × 106/mL, inoculated into a six-well plate and placed in an incubator at 37 °C containing 5% CO2 saturated humidity overnight. After the cells were fully attached to the plate, 10 mM 9u and 9h were administrated to the cells for 8 h. After cells were collected and fixed with 70% ethanol, DAPI was applied to stain the cells at the final concentration of 1 μg/mL; subsequently, on-board testing by flow cytometry (Cytoflex S (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA)) was conducted.

3.7. Colony Formation Assay

HGC-27 cells were cultured in a six-well plate (500 cells/well) and treated with 9u and 9h in 10% serum medium for two weeks, then fixed with methanol at room temperature and stained with 0.1% crystal violet, and images were scanned with a scanner.

3.8. Nuclear-Cytosol Fractionation Assay

Cells in the logarithmic phase of growth were seeded in 6-cm dishes; after, apposition cells were treated with compound 9h for 3 h. The medium was discarded and washed twice with pre-chilled PBS, then the cells were scraped off with a cytoscraper and collected into 1.5 mL centrifuge tubes and centrifuged at 1500 rpm for 3 min. Next, 80 μL of Buffer B (containing 100× protease inhibitor) were added for 20 min in an ice bath, followed by 20 μL of Buffer B containing 1% TritonX-100. The mixture was vortexed for 10 s, centrifuged at 10,000× g for 15 min at 4 °C, the supernatant collected as cytoplasmic proteins and the precipitate as the nuclear fraction. Then, 100 μL of Buffer C containing 0.4% TritonX-100 were added and centrifuged for 15 min at 4 °C, and 100 uL of Buffer C containing 0.4% TritonX-100 were added and vortexed for 30 min at 4 °C, centrifuged at 15,000× g for 15 min at 4 °C, and the supernatant was the nucleus protein.

3.9. Immunofluorescence

The cells were inoculated into the culture dish with preplaced treated coverslips, and the coverslips were removed when the cells were close to growing into a monolayer. Then, they were washed twice with PBS and 4% paraformaldehyde was used to fix the cells for 30 min. The cells were permeabilized with 1‰ TritonX-100 for 10 min. After permeabilization, the cells were washed with PBS for 3 × 5 min. Then, the cells were blocked with 5% BSA blocking solution for 30 min. The primary antibody was incubated for 1 h at room temperature. The cells were rinsed three times with PBST, each rinse for 5 min. The cells were incubated at room temperature in the dark for 1 h. The cells were rinsed three times with PBST, each rinse for 5 min, followed by one distilled water rinse. One drop of blocker containing DAPI dye was added and the slice sealed and this was examined by fluorescence microscopy.

3.10. The Docking Experiments

The cocrystal structure of human Nur77-LBD was downloaded from the Protein Data Bank website (https://www.pdbus.org/structure/4RE8, accessed on 2 February 2022) [25]. Schrödinger (Version 2019-1, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, USA) was used to carry out molecular docking experiments. The crystal structure of Nur77-LBD was modified and prepared by the Protein Preparation Wizard module of Schrödinger with the default settings, and the 2D structure of target molecule 9h was converted to a 3D structure and prepared by the LigPrep module with default parameters. An OPLS3e [25] force field was employed for both protein and ligands minimization. All of the docking calculations were conducted by the standard protocol of Induced Fit Docking [26,27,28] without changing any settings. In addition, the MM/GBSA module (Prime MMGBSA v3.000, Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, USA) was accessed to calculate the binding free energy under an implicit solvent model. The top-ranked docking score, docking orientation and binding energy were used for a comprehensive evaluation of the optimum docking conformation. The hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding interactions between 9h and Nur77 were identified by Protein-Ligand Interaction Profiler (PLIP) web tool [29]. Maestro (Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, USA) [30], Schrödinger’s graphical user interface, was mainly deployed for the visualization of docking study. The figures of the molecular modeling were prepared with PyMOL (Version 2.3 Schrödinger, LLC, New York, NY, USA) [31].

4. Conclusions

In this paper, a new series of 1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-substituted semicarbazide/thiosemicarbazide derivatives 9a–9w was synthesized and their biological evaluation as potential anticancer agents was conducted. The synthetic method was relatively simple, and the compounds were easily purified and produced in high yields. Our results suggest that 1-(2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-substituted semicarbazide/thiosemicarbazide derivatives have good anti-tumor effects on several cancer cells, especially on gastric cancer cell HGC-27. Compound 9h probably mediates apoptosis mainly through regulation of Nur77 and may be a promising anti-tumor leading compound for further research.

Supplementary Materials

The following supporting information can be downloaded online. Figure S1. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9a, Figure S2. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9a, Figure S3. ESI-HRMS of compound 9a, Figure S4. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9b, Figure S5. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9b, Figure S6. ESI-HRMS of compound 9b, Figure S7. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9c. Figure S8. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9c, Figure S9. ESI-HRMS of compound 9c. Figure S10. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9d, Figure S11. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9d, Figure S12. ESI-HRMS of compound 9d, Figure S13. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9e, Figure S14. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9e, Figure S15. ESI-HRMS of compound 9e, Figure S16. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9f, Figure S17. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9f, Figure S18. ESI-HRMS of compound 9f, Figure S19. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9g, Figure S20. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9g, Figure S21. ESI-HRMS of compound 9g, Figure S22. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9h, Figure S23. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9h, Figure S24. ESI-HRMS of compound 9h, Figure S25. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9i, Figure S26. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9i, Figure S27. ESI-HRMS of compound 9i, Figure S28. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9j, Figure S29. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9j, Figure S30. ESI-HRMS of compound 9j, Figure S31. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9k, Figure S32. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9k, Figure S33. ESI-HRMS of compound 9k, Figure S34. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9l, Figure S35. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9l, Figure S36. ESI-HRMS of compound 9l, Figure S37. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9m, Figure S38. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9m, Figure S39. ESI-HRMS of compound 9m, Figure S40. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9n, Figure S41. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9n, Figure S42. ESI-HRMS of compound 9n, Figure S43. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9o, Figure S44. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9o, Figure S45. ESI-HRMS of compound 9o, Figure S46. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9p, Figure S47. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9p. Figure S48. ESI-HRMS of compound 9p, Figure S49. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9q, Figure S50. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9q, Figure S51. ESI-HRMS of compound 9q, Figure S52. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9r, Figure S53. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9r, Figure S54. ESI-HRMS of compound 9r, Figure S55. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9s, Figure S56. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9s, Figure S57. ESI-HRMS of compound 9s, Figure S58. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9t, Figure S59. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9t, Figure S60. ESI-HRMS of compound 9t, Figure S61. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9u, Figure S62. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9u, Figure S63. ESI-HRMS of compound 9u, Figure S64. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9v, Figure S65. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9v, Figure S66. ESI-HRMS of compound 9v, Figure S67. 1H-NMR Spectrum of compound 9w, Figure S68. 13C-NMR Spectrum of compound 9w, Figure S69. ESI-HRMS of compound 9w.

Author Contributions

H.H., F.H. and S.Z. synthesized all target compounds and confirmed their structure, J.H., Y.C. and Z.Z. carried out biological experiments. H.H., J.H. and S.Z. prepared original manuscript. Q.W., H.H. and X.L. designed the research and revised the paper. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by grants from the Zhejiang Basic Public Welfare Fund (No. LGF22H300015), Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo (No. 202003N4160), Jinhua Science and Technology Bureau (No. 2021-3-150), the Science and Technology Research Project of Health Commission of Jiangxi province (No. 202212701) and General Research Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education (No. Y202146836).

Institutional Review Board Statement

Not applicable.

Informed Consent Statement

Not applicable.

Data Availability Statement

Available from authors.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Sample Availability

Samples of the compounds are available from the authors.

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Molecules 27 01698 sch001 550
Scheme 1. Urea/thiourea antitumor agents.
Scheme 1. Urea/thiourea antitumor agents.
Molecules 27 01698 sch001
Molecules 27 01698 sch002 550
Scheme 2. Synthetic route of the target compounds.
Scheme 2. Synthetic route of the target compounds.
Molecules 27 01698 sch002
Molecules 27 01698 g001 550
Figure 1. Compound 9h and 9u inhibited the colony-forming ability of HGC-27 cells. The cells were grown in 6-well plates for 2 weeks and treated with compound 9h (5 μM and 10 μM).
Figure 1. Compound 9h and 9u inhibited the colony-forming ability of HGC-27 cells. The cells were grown in 6-well plates for 2 weeks and treated with compound 9h (5 μM and 10 μM).
Molecules 27 01698 g001
Molecules 27 01698 g002 550
Figure 2. Effect of compound 9h and 9u on cell cycle and apoptosis. (A) Flow cytometry assay was performed to examine cell cycle. HGC-27 cells were treated with compound 9h at different concentrations for 8 h. (B) Time and cell density dependent production of cleaved PARP. HGC-27 cells treated with compound 9h for different periods of time and different concentration for 24 h.
Figure 2. Effect of compound 9h and 9u on cell cycle and apoptosis. (A) Flow cytometry assay was performed to examine cell cycle. HGC-27 cells were treated with compound 9h at different concentrations for 8 h. (B) Time and cell density dependent production of cleaved PARP. HGC-27 cells treated with compound 9h for different periods of time and different concentration for 24 h.
Molecules 27 01698 g002
Molecules 27 01698 g003 550
Figure 3. 9h induces expression and nuclear export of Nur77, which may mediate 9h induced apoptosis. (A) HGC-27 cells were treated with a concentration gradient of 9h; expression of cleaved PARP and Nur77 was detected. (B) Nuclear-cytosol fractionation experiments was performed after treating HGC-27 cells with different concentrations of 9h for 3 h, expression of Nur77 was detected, the quality of cytoplasmic protein extraction was determined by the expression of cytoplasmic marker protein GAPDH and nucleus marker protein LAMIN B1. (C) HGC-27 cells were treated with 10 µM of 9h for 3 h, the expression of Nur77 was detected by immunofluorescence method and nuclei were stained with DAPI.
Figure 3. 9h induces expression and nuclear export of Nur77, which may mediate 9h induced apoptosis. (A) HGC-27 cells were treated with a concentration gradient of 9h; expression of cleaved PARP and Nur77 was detected. (B) Nuclear-cytosol fractionation experiments was performed after treating HGC-27 cells with different concentrations of 9h for 3 h, expression of Nur77 was detected, the quality of cytoplasmic protein extraction was determined by the expression of cytoplasmic marker protein GAPDH and nucleus marker protein LAMIN B1. (C) HGC-27 cells were treated with 10 µM of 9h for 3 h, the expression of Nur77 was detected by immunofluorescence method and nuclei were stained with DAPI.
Molecules 27 01698 g003
Molecules 27 01698 g004 550
Figure 4. The overlay of the re-docked structure (cyan sticks) and the native cocrystal ligand (green sticks).
Figure 4. The overlay of the re-docked structure (cyan sticks) and the native cocrystal ligand (green sticks).
Molecules 27 01698 g004
Molecules 27 01698 g005 550
Figure 5. Binding model prediction of compound 9h with Nur77-LBD. (A). Crystal structure of Nur77-LBD/9h complex (PDB ID: 4RE8). 9h was shown as a cyan stick model and Nur77-LBD displayed as white surface and light blue illustration. (B). The interactions between 9h and Nur77-LBD in the binding site. Key residues involved in the interactions were shown as salmon sticks. Yellow dash lines indicated the hydrogen-bonding interactions. Light grey dotted lines indicated the hydrophobic interactions.
Figure 5. Binding model prediction of compound 9h with Nur77-LBD. (A). Crystal structure of Nur77-LBD/9h complex (PDB ID: 4RE8). 9h was shown as a cyan stick model and Nur77-LBD displayed as white surface and light blue illustration. (B). The interactions between 9h and Nur77-LBD in the binding site. Key residues involved in the interactions were shown as salmon sticks. Yellow dash lines indicated the hydrogen-bonding interactions. Light grey dotted lines indicated the hydrophobic interactions.
Molecules 27 01698 g005
Table
Table 1. The inhibitory effects of derivatives on cancer cells (HeLa, MCF-7, HGC-27 cells) by the MTT. The data are the mean values of IC50 (μM). (9a–9k, X = O; 9l–9w, X = S).
Table 1. The inhibitory effects of derivatives on cancer cells (HeLa, MCF-7, HGC-27 cells) by the MTT. The data are the mean values of IC50 (μM). (9a–9k, X = O; 9l–9w, X = S).
Molecules 27 01698 i001
CompoundStructure/RMTT
HeLaHGC-27MCF-7
9a Molecules 27 01698 i00288.39 ± 0.2238.39 ± 0.3260.26 ± 0.11
9b Molecules 27 01698 i00330.54 ± 0.4050.26 ± 0.2041.46 ± 0.78
9c Molecules 27 01698 i00425.33 ± 0.4523.16 ± 0.2021.13 ± 0.52
9d Molecules 27 01698 i00520.65 ± 0.2639.12 ± 0.7235.20 ± 0.60
9e Molecules 27 01698 i00624.65 ± 0.2449.24 ± 0.2633.34 ± 0.12
9f Molecules 27 01698 i00724.15 ± 0.6129.44 ± 0.3123.30 ± 0.10
9g Molecules 27 01698 i00820.22 ± 0.3119.40 ± 0.6318.38 ± 0.21
9h Molecules 27 01698 i0094.12 ± 0.081.40 ± 0.113.30 ± 0.21
9i Molecules 27 01698 i01020.10 ± 0.4419.67 ± 0.3121.38 ± 0.25
9j Molecules 27 01698 i01112.10 ± 0.2116.56 ± 0.4416.30 ± 0.34
9k Molecules 27 01698 i01210.12 ± 0.6912.40 ± 0.5011.56 ± 0.45
9l Molecules 27 01698 i01345.40 ± 0.1138.10 ± 0.2140.20 ± 0.33
9m Molecules 27 01698 i01434.54 ± 0.3730.20 ± 0.6135.44 ± 0.41
9n Molecules 27 01698 i01525.33 ± 0.1023.16 ± 0.0721.13 ± 0.32
9o Molecules 27 01698 i01620.65 ± 0.2239.12 ± 0.2135.20 ± 0.09
9p Molecules 27 01698 i01714.65 ± 0.3119.24 ± 0.0923.34 ± 0.21
9q Molecules 27 01698 i01814.15 ± 0.2219.44 ± 0.6923.30 ± 0.21
9r Molecules 27 01698 i01920.22 ± 0.2419.40 ± 0.1118.38 ± 0.41
9s Molecules 27 01698 i02016.12 ± 0.0710.40 ± 0.1919.30 ± 0.30
9t Molecules 27 01698 i02110.10 ± 0.6116.6711.38
9u Molecules 27 01698 i0226.10 ± 0.504.56 ± 0.096.44 ± 0.07
9v Molecules 27 01698 i02310.12 ± 0.1112.40 ± 0.2511.56 ± 0.56
9w Molecules 27 01698 i02410.66 ± 0.3416.43 ± 0.3110.90 ± 0.42
Cisplatin 12.45 ± 0.118.90 ± 0.2010.54 ± 0.31
Table
Table 2. Anti-tumor activities of compound 9h and 9u.
Table 2. Anti-tumor activities of compound 9h and 9u.
CompoundCancer Cells (IC50, μM)Normal Cells (IC50, μM)
HepG2A549MDA-MB231H460A875MRC-5LO2
9h5.1 ± 0.017.3 ± 0.214.3 ± 0.339.2 ± 0.24>50>50>50
9u7.2 ± 0.1111.2 ± 0.4621.0 ± 0.0114.0 ± 0.3815.7 ± 0.1122.1 ± 0.1141.0 ± 0.70
Cisplatin15.2 ± 0.299.3 ± 0.1120.2 ± 0.2516.6 ± 0.0921.2 ± 0.08>50>50
Table
Table 3. Hydrophobic interactions.
Table 3. Hydrophobic interactions.
RESNRRESTYPEDISTRESNRRESTYPEDIST
118LEU3.87179VAL3.47
162LEU3.36224LEU3.52
165LEU3.57224LEU3.61
167VAL3.5224LEU3.41
172PHE3.57228LEU3.45
175LEU3.89231LEU3.46
178LEU3.75
Table
Table 4. Hydrogen bonds’ interactions.
Table 4. Hydrogen bonds’ interactions.
RESNRRESTYPESIDECHAINDIST_H-ADIST_D-ADON_ANGLEPROTISDON
(Å)(Å)(°)
114GLUTRUE2.363.17136.65FALSE
179VALFALSE2.543.49155.72FALSE
179VALFALSE2.533.44149.64FALSE
232ARGTRUE1.852.8153.65TRUE
232ARGTRUE3.393.96116.77TRUE
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Hu, H.; Huang, J.; Cao, Y.; Zhang, Z.; He, F.; Lin, X.; Wu, Q.; Zhao, S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-Substituted Semicarbazides/Thiosemicarbazides as Anti-Tumor Nur77 Modulators. Molecules 2022, 27, 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051698

AMA Style

Hu H, Huang J, Cao Y, Zhang Z, He F, Lin X, Wu Q, Zhao S. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-Substituted Semicarbazides/Thiosemicarbazides as Anti-Tumor Nur77 Modulators. Molecules. 2022; 27(5):1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051698

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hu, Hongyu, Jiangang Huang, Yin Cao, Zhaolin Zhang, Fengming He, Xianfu Lin, Qi Wu, and Shengxian Zhao. 2022. "Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1-(2-(6-Methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)-6-methylnicotinoyl)-4-Substituted Semicarbazides/Thiosemicarbazides as Anti-Tumor Nur77 Modulators" Molecules 27, no. 5: 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051698

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