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Article

Volatile Compounds and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil of Aloysia citrodora Paláu: Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation

by
Rafael M. Sprea
1,2,
Luís H. M. Fernandes
1,2,
Tânia C. S. P. Pires
1,2,
Ricardo C. Calhelha
1,2,
Pedro João Rodrigues
2,3 and
Joana S. Amaral
1,2,*
1
Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
2
Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
3
Research Center in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2023, 28(11), 4528; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114528
Submission received: 2 May 2023 / Revised: 25 May 2023 / Accepted: 30 May 2023 / Published: 2 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications and Medicinal Properties of Terpenoids)
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Abstract

Aromatic plants are a remarkable source of natural products. Aloysia citrodora Paláu (Verbenaceae), commonly known as lemon verbena, is a relevant source of essential oils with potential applications due to its lemony scent and bioactive properties. Studies carried out on this species have focused on the volatile composition of the essential oil obtained by Clevenger hydrodistillation (CHD), with little information available on alternative extraction methodologies or the biological properties of the oil. Therefore, this work aimed to compare the volatile composition, antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activities of the essential oil extracted by conventional hydrodistillation by Clevenger (CHD) and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation (MAHD). Significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed for some compounds, including the two major ones, geranial (18.7–21.1%) and neral (15.3–16.2%). Better antioxidant activity was exhibited by the MAHD essential oil in DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assays, while no differences were observed in the cellular antioxidant assay. The MADH essential oil also presented higher inhibition against four tumoral cell lines and exhibited lower cytotoxicity in non-tumoral cells as compared with Clevenger-extracted essential oil. In contrast, the latter showed higher anti-inflammatory activity. Both essential oils were able to inhibit the growth of eleven out of the fifteen bacterial strains tested.
Keywords: lemon verbena; clevenger hydrodistillation; microwave-assisted hydrodistillation; GC-MS; antioxidant activity; antimicrobial activity; anti-inflammatory activity; cytotoxicity lemon verbena; clevenger hydrodistillation; microwave-assisted hydrodistillation; GC-MS; antioxidant activity; antimicrobial activity; anti-inflammatory activity; cytotoxicity
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MDPI and ACS Style

Sprea, R.M.; Fernandes, L.H.M.; Pires, T.C.S.P.; Calhelha, R.C.; Rodrigues, P.J.; Amaral, J.S. Volatile Compounds and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil of Aloysia citrodora Paláu: Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation. Molecules 2023, 28, 4528. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114528

AMA Style

Sprea RM, Fernandes LHM, Pires TCSP, Calhelha RC, Rodrigues PJ, Amaral JS. Volatile Compounds and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil of Aloysia citrodora Paláu: Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation. Molecules. 2023; 28(11):4528. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114528

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sprea, Rafael M., Luís H. M. Fernandes, Tânia C. S. P. Pires, Ricardo C. Calhelha, Pedro João Rodrigues, and Joana S. Amaral. 2023. "Volatile Compounds and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil of Aloysia citrodora Paláu: Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation" Molecules 28, no. 11: 4528. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114528

APA Style

Sprea, R. M., Fernandes, L. H. M., Pires, T. C. S. P., Calhelha, R. C., Rodrigues, P. J., & Amaral, J. S. (2023). Volatile Compounds and Biological Activity of the Essential Oil of Aloysia citrodora Paláu: Comparison of Hydrodistillation and Microwave-Assisted Hydrodistillation. Molecules, 28(11), 4528. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28114528

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