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Article

Kevlar®, Nomex®, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency

by
Efrosyni Frousiou
1,
Efstathios Tonis
1,
Georgios Rotas
1,2,
Anna Pantelia
1,
Savvas G. Chalkidis
1,
Nikolaos S. Heliopoulos
3,*,
Antonia Kagkoura
4,
Dionysios Siamidis
5,
Angeliki Galeou
6,
Anastasia Prombona
6,
Kostas Stamatakis
6,
Nikos Boukos
7 and
Georgios C. Vougioukalakis
1,*
1
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
2
Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
3
700 Military Factory, Supreme Military Support Command, 50 Anapafseos, 18648 Piraeus, Greece
4
Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
5
Siamidis S.A., Industrial Zone, Inofita, 32011 Viotia, Greece
6
Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E’ & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, Greece
7
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Patriarchou Grigoriou E’ & Neapoleos Str., 15341 Agia Paraskevi Attica, Greece
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2023, 28(14), 5465; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145465
Submission received: 14 June 2023 / Revised: 8 July 2023 / Accepted: 10 July 2023 / Published: 17 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antibacterial Coatings: Design, Synthesis and Application)
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Abstract

The surface modification of fabrics composed of Kevlar®, Nomex®, or VAR was extensively investigated. Kevlar® and Nomex® are widely-utilized aramid materials, whereas VAR is a technical fabric comprising 64% viscose, 24% para-aramid (Kevlar®), 10% polyamide, and 2% antistatic fibers. Both aramid materials and cellulose/viscose exhibit exceptional mechanical properties that render them valuable in a wide range of applications. For the herein studied modification of Kevlar®, Nomex®, and VAR, we used small organic molecules 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH) and 3-(acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC), which were anchored onto the materials under study via graft polymerization. By doing so, excellent antibacterial properties were induced in the three studied fabrics. Their water repellency was improved in most cases as well. Extensive characterization studies were conducted to probe the properties of the modified materials, employing Raman and FTIR spectroscopies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Keywords: Kevlar®; Nomex®; viscose; surface modification; graft polymerization; water repellency; antibacterial activity Kevlar®; Nomex®; viscose; surface modification; graft polymerization; water repellency; antibacterial activity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Frousiou, E.; Tonis, E.; Rotas, G.; Pantelia, A.; Chalkidis, S.G.; Heliopoulos, N.S.; Kagkoura, A.; Siamidis, D.; Galeou, A.; Prombona, A.; et al. Kevlar®, Nomex®, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency. Molecules 2023, 28, 5465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145465

AMA Style

Frousiou E, Tonis E, Rotas G, Pantelia A, Chalkidis SG, Heliopoulos NS, Kagkoura A, Siamidis D, Galeou A, Prombona A, et al. Kevlar®, Nomex®, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency. Molecules. 2023; 28(14):5465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145465

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frousiou, Efrosyni, Efstathios Tonis, Georgios Rotas, Anna Pantelia, Savvas G. Chalkidis, Nikolaos S. Heliopoulos, Antonia Kagkoura, Dionysios Siamidis, Angeliki Galeou, Anastasia Prombona, and et al. 2023. "Kevlar®, Nomex®, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency" Molecules 28, no. 14: 5465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145465

APA Style

Frousiou, E., Tonis, E., Rotas, G., Pantelia, A., Chalkidis, S. G., Heliopoulos, N. S., Kagkoura, A., Siamidis, D., Galeou, A., Prombona, A., Stamatakis, K., Boukos, N., & Vougioukalakis, G. C. (2023). Kevlar®, Nomex®, and VAR Modification by Small Organic Molecules Anchoring: Transfusing Antibacterial Properties and Improving Water Repellency. Molecules, 28(14), 5465. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145465

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