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Article

Effect of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Origanum vulgare L. Leaf, Flower, Stem, and Root Extracts on the Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

by
Kateřina Bělonožníková
,
Eliška Sladkovská
,
Daniel Kavan
,
Veronika Hýsková
,
Petr Hodek
,
Daniel Šmíd
and
Helena Ryšlavá
*
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1019; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031019
Submission received: 29 December 2022 / Revised: 13 January 2023 / Accepted: 16 January 2023 / Published: 19 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phytochemistry and Biological Properties of Medicinal Plants)
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Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the most antibiotic multi-resistant bacteria, causing chronic pulmonary disease and leading to respiratory failure and even mortality. Thus, there has been an ever-increasing search for novel and preferably natural antimicrobial compounds. Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Origanum vulgare L. shoots are commonly used as teas or alcoholic tinctures for their human health-promoting and antibacterial properties. Here, we explored the antimicrobial effects of all plant parts, i.e., leaf, flower, stem, and root extracts, prepared in water or in 60% ethanol, against P. aeruginosa. The impact of these extracts on bacterial survival was determined using a luminescent strain of P. aeruginosa, which emits light when alive. In addition, the antimicrobial effects were compared with the antioxidant properties and content of phenolic compounds of plant extracts. Ethanolic extracts of O. vulgare roots and flowers showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by A. eupatoria roots. In particular, chlorogenic acid, the ethanolic extract of O. vulgare roots contained high levels of protocatechuic acid, hesperidin, shikimic acid, rutin, quercetin, and morin. The synergistic effects of these phenolic compounds and flavonoids may play a key role in the antibacterial activity of teas and tinctures.
Keywords: Agrimonia eupatoria L.; Origanum vulgare L.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant capacity; bioluminescence; traditional medicine; chronic pulmonary disease; cystic fibrosis Agrimonia eupatoria L.; Origanum vulgare L.; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; antimicrobial activity; antioxidant capacity; bioluminescence; traditional medicine; chronic pulmonary disease; cystic fibrosis
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MDPI and ACS Style

Bělonožníková, K.; Sladkovská, E.; Kavan, D.; Hýsková, V.; Hodek, P.; Šmíd, D.; Ryšlavá, H. Effect of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Origanum vulgare L. Leaf, Flower, Stem, and Root Extracts on the Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2023, 28, 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031019

AMA Style

Bělonožníková K, Sladkovská E, Kavan D, Hýsková V, Hodek P, Šmíd D, Ryšlavá H. Effect of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Origanum vulgare L. Leaf, Flower, Stem, and Root Extracts on the Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules. 2023; 28(3):1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031019

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bělonožníková, Kateřina, Eliška Sladkovská, Daniel Kavan, Veronika Hýsková, Petr Hodek, Daniel Šmíd, and Helena Ryšlavá. 2023. "Effect of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Origanum vulgare L. Leaf, Flower, Stem, and Root Extracts on the Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa" Molecules 28, no. 3: 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031019

APA Style

Bělonožníková, K., Sladkovská, E., Kavan, D., Hýsková, V., Hodek, P., Šmíd, D., & Ryšlavá, H. (2023). Effect of Agrimonia eupatoria L. and Origanum vulgare L. Leaf, Flower, Stem, and Root Extracts on the Survival of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules, 28(3), 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031019

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