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Article

Activity Measurement of 44Sc and Calibration of Activity Measurement Instruments on Production Sites and Clinics

by
Frederic Juget
1,*,
Teresa Durán
1,
Youcef Nedjadi
1,
Zeynep Talip
2,
Pascal V. Grundler
2,
Chiara Favaretto
2,
Pierluigi Casolaro
3,
Gaia Dellepiane
3,
Saverio Braccini
3,
Claude Bailat
1 and
Nicholas P. van der Meulen
2,4
1
Institute of Radiation Physics, 1007 Lausanne, Switzerland
2
Center of Radiopharmaceutical Sciences ETH_PSI-USZ, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
3
Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
4
Laboratory of Radiochemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen-PSI, Switzerland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2023, 28(3), 1345; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031345
Submission received: 20 December 2022 / Revised: 24 January 2023 / Accepted: 27 January 2023 / Published: 31 January 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Metal Radionuclides)
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Abstract

44Sc is a promising radionuclide for positron emission tomography (PET) in nuclear medicine. As a part of the implementation of a production site for 44Sc, precise knowledge of the activity of the product is necessary. At the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) and the University of Bern (UniBE), 44Sc is produced by enriched 44CaO-target irradiation with a cyclotron. The two sites use different techniques for activity measurement, namely a dose calibrator at the PSI and a gamma-ray spectrometry system at UniBE and PSI. In this work, the 44Sc was produced at the PSI, and samples of the product were prepared in dedicated containers for onsite measurements at PSI, UniBE, and the Institute of Radiation Physics (IRA) in Lausanne for precise activity measurement using primary techniques and for the calibration of the reference ionization chambers. An accuracy of 1% was obtained for the activity measurement, allowing for a precise calibration of the dose calibrator and gamma-ray spectrometry of the two production sites. Each production site now has the capability of measuring 44Sc activity with an accuracy of 2%.
Keywords: Sc-44 production; medical cyclotron; positron emission tomography; precise activity measurement; dose calibrator; γ-ray spectrometry; precise instruments calibration Sc-44 production; medical cyclotron; positron emission tomography; precise activity measurement; dose calibrator; γ-ray spectrometry; precise instruments calibration

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MDPI and ACS Style

Juget, F.; Durán, T.; Nedjadi, Y.; Talip, Z.; Grundler, P.V.; Favaretto, C.; Casolaro, P.; Dellepiane, G.; Braccini, S.; Bailat, C.; et al. Activity Measurement of 44Sc and Calibration of Activity Measurement Instruments on Production Sites and Clinics. Molecules 2023, 28, 1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031345

AMA Style

Juget F, Durán T, Nedjadi Y, Talip Z, Grundler PV, Favaretto C, Casolaro P, Dellepiane G, Braccini S, Bailat C, et al. Activity Measurement of 44Sc and Calibration of Activity Measurement Instruments on Production Sites and Clinics. Molecules. 2023; 28(3):1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031345

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juget, Frederic, Teresa Durán, Youcef Nedjadi, Zeynep Talip, Pascal V. Grundler, Chiara Favaretto, Pierluigi Casolaro, Gaia Dellepiane, Saverio Braccini, Claude Bailat, and et al. 2023. "Activity Measurement of 44Sc and Calibration of Activity Measurement Instruments on Production Sites and Clinics" Molecules 28, no. 3: 1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031345

APA Style

Juget, F., Durán, T., Nedjadi, Y., Talip, Z., Grundler, P. V., Favaretto, C., Casolaro, P., Dellepiane, G., Braccini, S., Bailat, C., & van der Meulen, N. P. (2023). Activity Measurement of 44Sc and Calibration of Activity Measurement Instruments on Production Sites and Clinics. Molecules, 28(3), 1345. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28031345

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