Effects of Ellagic Acid on Vaginal Innate Immune Mediators and HPV16 Infection In Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Cytotoxicity of Ellagic Acid in Primary Human Vaginal Epithelial Cells (HVEs)
2.2. Effects of Ellagic Acid on the Expression of Vaginal Innate Immunity
2.3. Effects of Ellagic Acid on Cytokine and Chemokine Secretion Levels
2.4. Effects of Ellagic Acid on HPV16 Pseudovirus Infection
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Ellagic Acid Preparation
4.2. Primary Human Vaginal Epithelial Cell Preparation
4.3. Isolation of HVEs
4.4. Cytotoxicity of Ellagic Acid in HVEs
4.5. Treatment of HVEs with Ellagic Acid
4.6. cDNA Preparation and Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4.7. Detection of Immune Mediator Concentrations in Culture Medium
4.8. hBD2 and SLPI Immunoassays
4.9. Multiple Human Cytokines and Chemokines by Luminex Assay
4.10. Cytotoxicity of Ellagic Acid in HEK-293FT Cells
4.11. Production of HPV16 Pseudovirus
4.12. HPV Attachment Assays
4.12.1. Ellagic Acid Added to HPV before HPV Attachment to Cells
4.12.2. Ellagic Acid Added to Cells after HPV Attachment to Cells
4.13. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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SLPI (NM_003064) Exon Location: 3–4 | Forward primer: 5′-CAAGCGTGACTTGAAGTGTTG-3′ Reverse primer: 5′-GAAAGGACCTGGACCACAC-3′ Probe: 5′-/56-FAM/AGGAGATAC/ZEN/AAGACCCTCATGGCTGA/3IABkFQ/-3′ |
hBD2 (DEFB4A) (NM_004942) Exon Location: 1–2 | Forward primer: 5′-TCCTGGTGAAGCTCCCA-3′ Reverse primer: 5′-CGCCTATACCACCAAAAACAC-3′ Probe: 5′-/56-FAM/AGGAGATAC/ZEN/AAGACCCTCATGGCTGA/3IABkFQ/-3′ |
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Promsong, A.; Chuerduangphui, J.; Levy, C.N.; Hladik, F.; Satthakarn, S.; Nittayananta, W. Effects of Ellagic Acid on Vaginal Innate Immune Mediators and HPV16 Infection In Vitro. Molecules 2024, 29, 3630. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153630
Promsong A, Chuerduangphui J, Levy CN, Hladik F, Satthakarn S, Nittayananta W. Effects of Ellagic Acid on Vaginal Innate Immune Mediators and HPV16 Infection In Vitro. Molecules. 2024; 29(15):3630. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153630
Chicago/Turabian StylePromsong, Aornrutai, Jureeporn Chuerduangphui, Claire N. Levy, Florian Hladik, Surada Satthakarn, and Wipawee Nittayananta. 2024. "Effects of Ellagic Acid on Vaginal Innate Immune Mediators and HPV16 Infection In Vitro" Molecules 29, no. 15: 3630. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29153630