Multi-Hydrogen Bonding on Quaternized-Oligourea Receptor Facilitated Its Interaction with Bacterial Cell Membranes and DNA for Broad-Spectrum Bacteria Killing
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Determination of MIC and MBC Values
3.3. Cell Viability Assay
3.4. DLS Study
3.5. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Study
3.6. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) Study
3.7. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) Study
3.8. Propidium Iodide (PI) Uptake Assay
3.9. DNA Release Study
3.10. Determination of the Binding Constants by UV-Vis Titrations
3.11. DNA Binding Study
3.12. CD Experiments
3.13. Bacterial DNA Extraction Process
3.14. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bacterial Strains | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
E. coli | P. aeruginosa | S. aureus | S. epidermidis | E. faecalis | ||||||
MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | MIC | MBC | |
D1 | 120 | 240 | 60 | 120 | 60 | 120 | 1.88 | 3.75 | 1.88 | 3.75 |
D2 | 30 | 60 | 30 | 60 | 30 | 60 | 1.88 | 3.75 | 0.94 | 1.88 |
D3 | 15 | 30 | 15 | 30 | 15 | 30 | 1.88 | 3.75 | 0.47 | 0.94 |
Polymyxin B | 1.88 | 3.75 | - | - | 60 | 120 | - | - | - | - |
Compound | Ka/M−1 | Compound | Ka1/M−1 | Ka2/M−1 |
---|---|---|---|---|
M1 | (7.08 ± 0.64) × 103 | D1 | (8.90 ± 1.1) × 104 | (1.43 ± 0.11) × 102 |
M2 | (1.88 ± 0.1) × 104 | D2 | (2.80 ± 0.36) × 105 | (1.21 ± 0.14) × 104 |
M3 | (2.71 ± 0.19) × 104 | D3 | (5.14 ± 0.63) × 105 | (1.49 ± 0.13) × 104 |
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Yan, X.; Yang, F.; Lv, G.; Qiu, Y.; Jia, X.; Hu, Q.; Zhang, J.; Yang, J.; Ouyang, X.; Gao, L.; et al. Multi-Hydrogen Bonding on Quaternized-Oligourea Receptor Facilitated Its Interaction with Bacterial Cell Membranes and DNA for Broad-Spectrum Bacteria Killing. Molecules 2024, 29, 3937. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163937
Yan X, Yang F, Lv G, Qiu Y, Jia X, Hu Q, Zhang J, Yang J, Ouyang X, Gao L, et al. Multi-Hydrogen Bonding on Quaternized-Oligourea Receptor Facilitated Its Interaction with Bacterial Cell Membranes and DNA for Broad-Spectrum Bacteria Killing. Molecules. 2024; 29(16):3937. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163937
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan, Xiaojin, Fan Yang, Guanghao Lv, Yuping Qiu, Xiaoying Jia, Qirong Hu, Jia Zhang, Jing Yang, Xiangyuan Ouyang, Lingyan Gao, and et al. 2024. "Multi-Hydrogen Bonding on Quaternized-Oligourea Receptor Facilitated Its Interaction with Bacterial Cell Membranes and DNA for Broad-Spectrum Bacteria Killing" Molecules 29, no. 16: 3937. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29163937