Investigation on the Synergy between Membrane Permeabilizing Amphiphilic α-Hydrazido Acids and Commonly Used Antibiotics against Drug-Resistant Bacteria
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Determination of Critical Micellar Concentrations (CMC)
2.2. Membrane Permeabilization at Subtoxic Concentrations of α-Hydrazido Acids
2.3. Molecular Dynamics Simulations
2.4. LPS Binding Assay
2.5. DNA Binding Assay
2.6. In Vitro Antimicrobial Susceptibility Assays
2.6.1. α-Hydrazido Acids Antimicrobial Activity
MIC (μg/mL) a | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. aureus | E. coli | |||||
Compd | ATCC 29213 | AOUC-0915 b | SA1199 c | SA1199B d | ATCC 25922 | 288328 e |
A | 4 | 4 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
B | 4 | 4 | 16 | 16 | 8 | 8 |
2.6.2. Combinations with First-Line Antibiotics
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Density Functional Theory Calculations
3.2. MD Simulations
3.3. General Important Notes on the Use of α-Hydrazido Acid Hydrochlorides Solutions
3.4. Determination of CMC
3.5. DNA-Amphiphiles Binding Assay
3.6. LPS-Amphiphiles Binding Assay
3.7. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs)
3.8. Checkerboard Assays
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ΣFIC vs. Drug Sensitive Bacteria ([H]/[X]) b for Combinations with the Indicated Antibiotics | |||||
Compd | S. aureus ATCC 29213 c | S. aureus SA1199 d | E. coli ATCC 25922 c | ||
Tetracycline | Ciprofloxacin | Tetracycline | |||
A | 0.50 (1/0.0313) | 2 (8/0.16) | 0.38 (1/0.0625) | ||
B | 0.38 (1/0.0156) | 0.75 (4/0.08) | 0.50 (2/0.125) | ||
ΣFIC vs. Drug Resistant Bacteria ([H]/[X]) b for Combinations with the Indicated Antibiotics | |||||
S. aureus AOUC-0915 (LR-MRSa) e | S. aureus SA1199B f | E. coli 288328 (GR-CREc) g | |||
Methicillin h | Linezolid | Ciprofloxacin | Colistin | Gentamicin | |
A | 0.5 < ΣFIC ≤ 0.53 (2/64) | 1.03 (0.125/16) | 0.75 (4/2.5) | 0.31 (1/0.5) | 1.25 (1/128) |
B | 0.5 < ΣFIC ≤ 1.0 (2/1024) | 1.03 (0.125/16) | 0.5 (4/2.5) | 0.28 (2/0.25) | 1.50 (4/128) |
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Minnelli, C.; Mangiaterra, G.; Laudadio, E.; Citterio, B.; Rinaldi, S. Investigation on the Synergy between Membrane Permeabilizing Amphiphilic α-Hydrazido Acids and Commonly Used Antibiotics against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Molecules 2024, 29, 4078. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174078
Minnelli C, Mangiaterra G, Laudadio E, Citterio B, Rinaldi S. Investigation on the Synergy between Membrane Permeabilizing Amphiphilic α-Hydrazido Acids and Commonly Used Antibiotics against Drug-Resistant Bacteria. Molecules. 2024; 29(17):4078. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174078
Chicago/Turabian StyleMinnelli, Cristina, Gianmarco Mangiaterra, Emiliano Laudadio, Barbara Citterio, and Samuele Rinaldi. 2024. "Investigation on the Synergy between Membrane Permeabilizing Amphiphilic α-Hydrazido Acids and Commonly Used Antibiotics against Drug-Resistant Bacteria" Molecules 29, no. 17: 4078. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174078