A Comparative Study of Ni-Based Catalysts Prepared by Various Sol–Gel Routes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Oxides
2.2. Catalyst Tests of Ternary Mixed Oxides
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Supports Synthesis
3.2. Characterizations
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | Route | Expected and Experimental Compositions (wt.%) | Texture | Acidity | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Si/Al | SiO2 | Al2O3 | NiO | SSA a (m2g−1) | Vp b (cm3g−1) | Dp c (nm) | SSA d µ/(m2g−1) | Total Desorbed-NH3 (mmol g−1) | Density (NH3 nm−2) | ||
Si0Al100 | Acidic HSG | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 100.0 (99.7) | - | 375 | 0.4 | 4.8 | 40 | 1.0 | 1.6 |
Si0Al100 | Basic HSG | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 100.0 (99.7) | - | 340 | 0.4 | 4.0 | 42 | 0.9 | 1.6 |
Si0Al100 | EtOH NHSG | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 100.0 (99.7) | - | 360 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 55 | 2.8 | 4.7 |
Si0Al100 | Ether NHSG | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 100.0 (99.9) | - | 297 | 0.4 | 4.0 | 35 | 2.9 | 5.9 |
Si10Al90 | Acidic HSG | 0.1 (0.1) | 10.0 (10.3) | 90.0 (89.7) | - | 286 | 0.3 | 4.4 | 70 | 1.3 | 2.7 |
Si10Al90 | Basic HSG | 0.1 (0.1) | 10.0 (10.2) | 90.0 (89.8) | - | 400 | 0.4 | 3.6 | 65 | 1.4 | 2.1 |
Si10Al90 | EtOH NHSG | 0.1 (0.1) | 10.0 (9.9) | 90.0 (90.1) | - | 271 | 0.4 | 5.8 | 60 | 2.8 | 6.2 |
Si10Al90 | Ether NHSG | 0.1 (0.1) | 10.0 (9.8) | 90.01 (90.2) | - | 170 | 0.3 | 6.4 | 64 | 3.0 | 10.6 |
Si0Al90Ni10 | Ether NHSG | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 92.7 (92.9) | 7.3 (7.1) | 348 | 0.4 | 6.5 | 59 | 4.8 | 11.6 |
Si10Al80Ni10 | Ether NHSG | 0.1 (0.1) | 9.3 (6.3) | 83.6 (86.5) | 7.1 (7.2) | 395 | 0.3 | 3.5 | 45 | 4.4 | 6.7 |
Si0Al90Ni10 | EtOH NHSG | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 92.6 (92.8) | 7.4 (7.2) | 368 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 57 | 4.3 | 8.8 |
Si10Al80Ni10 | EtOH NHSG | 0.1 (0.1) | 9.1 (6.5) | 83.8 (86.2) | 7.1 (7.3) | 286 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 62 | 4.2 | 7.0 |
Catalyst | Si/Al | Conv. (%) | Activity (mmol g−1 h−1) | Selectivity to (wt.%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C4 | C6 | C8 | ||||
NHSG-AR-Si0Al90Ni10 | 0.0 | 49 | 175 | 82 | 13 | 3 |
NHSG-AR-Si10Al80Ni10 | 0.1 | 44 | 157 | 78 | 15 | 4 |
NHSG-ER-Si0Al90Ni10 | 0.0 | 73 | 261 | 69 | 15 | 3 |
NHSG-ER-Si10Al80Ni10 | 0.1 | 79 | 282 | 72 | 20 | 5 |
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Al Khudhair, A.; Bouchmella, K.; Andrei, R.D.; Hulea, V.; Mehdi, A. A Comparative Study of Ni-Based Catalysts Prepared by Various Sol–Gel Routes. Molecules 2024, 29, 4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174172
Al Khudhair A, Bouchmella K, Andrei RD, Hulea V, Mehdi A. A Comparative Study of Ni-Based Catalysts Prepared by Various Sol–Gel Routes. Molecules. 2024; 29(17):4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174172
Chicago/Turabian StyleAl Khudhair, Atheer, Karim Bouchmella, Radu Dorin Andrei, Vasile Hulea, and Ahmad Mehdi. 2024. "A Comparative Study of Ni-Based Catalysts Prepared by Various Sol–Gel Routes" Molecules 29, no. 17: 4172. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174172