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Article

Synergistic Antifungal Effect and In Vivo Toxicity of a Monoterpene Isoespintanol Obtained from Oxandra xylopioides Diels

by
Orfa Inés Contreras-Martínez
1,
Alberto Angulo-Ortíz
2,*,
Gilmar Santafé Patiño
2,
Jesus Sierra Martinez
3,
Ricardo Berrio Soto
1,
Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho
4,
Krissia Franco de Godoy
4,
Fernanda de Freitas Aníbal
4 and
Bruna Dias de Lima Fragelli
5
1
Biology Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Córdoba, Montería 230002, Colombia
3
Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
4
Laboratory of Inflammation and Infectious Diseases, Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
5
Functional Materials Development Center, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Ceramics, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, SP, Brazil
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2024, 29(18), 4417; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184417
Submission received: 17 August 2024 / Revised: 7 September 2024 / Accepted: 14 September 2024 / Published: 17 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Natural Products Chemistry)
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Abstract

Candida sp. infections are a threat to global health, with high morbidity and mortality rates due to drug resistance, especially in immunocompromised people. For this reason, the search for new alternatives is urgent, and in recent years, a combined therapy with natural compounds has been proposed. Considering the biological potential of isoespintanol (ISO) and continuing its study, the objective of this research was to assess the effect of ISO in combination with the antifungals fluconazole (FLZ), amphotericin B (AFB) and caspofungin (CASP) against clinical isolates of C. tropicalis and to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of this compound in the acute phase (days 0 and 14) and chronic phase (days 0, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84) in female mice (Mus musculus) of the Balb/c lineage. The results show that ISO can potentiate the effect of FLZ, AFB and CASP, showing synergism with these antifungals. An evaluation of the mice via direct observation showed no behavioral changes or variations in weight during treatment; furthermore, an analysis of the cytokines IFN-γ and TNF in plasma, peritoneal cavity lavage (PCL) and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) indicated that there was no inflammation process. In addition, histopathological studies of the lungs, liver and kidneys showed no signs of toxicity caused by ISO. This was consistent with an analysis of oxaloacetic transaminases (GOT) and pyruvic transaminases (GPT), which remained in the standard range. These findings indicate that ISO does not have a cytotoxic effect at the doses evaluated, placing it as a monoterpene of interest in the search for compounds with pharmacological potential.
Keywords: synergism; antifungal; isoespintanol; in vivo toxicity synergism; antifungal; isoespintanol; in vivo toxicity

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MDPI and ACS Style

Contreras-Martínez, O.I.; Angulo-Ortíz, A.; Santafé Patiño, G.; Sierra Martinez, J.; Berrio Soto, R.; de Almeida Rodolpho, J.M.; de Godoy, K.F.; de Freitas Aníbal, F.; de Lima Fragelli, B.D. Synergistic Antifungal Effect and In Vivo Toxicity of a Monoterpene Isoespintanol Obtained from Oxandra xylopioides Diels. Molecules 2024, 29, 4417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184417

AMA Style

Contreras-Martínez OI, Angulo-Ortíz A, Santafé Patiño G, Sierra Martinez J, Berrio Soto R, de Almeida Rodolpho JM, de Godoy KF, de Freitas Aníbal F, de Lima Fragelli BD. Synergistic Antifungal Effect and In Vivo Toxicity of a Monoterpene Isoespintanol Obtained from Oxandra xylopioides Diels. Molecules. 2024; 29(18):4417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184417

Chicago/Turabian Style

Contreras-Martínez, Orfa Inés, Alberto Angulo-Ortíz, Gilmar Santafé Patiño, Jesus Sierra Martinez, Ricardo Berrio Soto, Joice Margareth de Almeida Rodolpho, Krissia Franco de Godoy, Fernanda de Freitas Aníbal, and Bruna Dias de Lima Fragelli. 2024. "Synergistic Antifungal Effect and In Vivo Toxicity of a Monoterpene Isoespintanol Obtained from Oxandra xylopioides Diels" Molecules 29, no. 18: 4417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184417

APA Style

Contreras-Martínez, O. I., Angulo-Ortíz, A., Santafé Patiño, G., Sierra Martinez, J., Berrio Soto, R., de Almeida Rodolpho, J. M., de Godoy, K. F., de Freitas Aníbal, F., & de Lima Fragelli, B. D. (2024). Synergistic Antifungal Effect and In Vivo Toxicity of a Monoterpene Isoespintanol Obtained from Oxandra xylopioides Diels. Molecules, 29(18), 4417. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29184417

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