Hats Off to Modeling! Profiling Early Synthetic Dyes on Historic Woolen Samples with ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution–Alternating Least Square Algorithm
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Fabrics Colored with One Dye
2.1.1. The Exploratory Analysis
2.1.2. MCR-ALS
2.2. Investigation on Known and Unknown, Pure and Mixture Dyes in Fabrics
2.2.1. The Exploratory Analysis
2.2.2. MCR-ALS
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. The Samples
3.2. ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy
3.3. Data Pre-Processing and Chemometrics
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Code in the Pattern Book | Dye and Concentration | Identifying Name of the Sample | Family Structure | Structure | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
10 | 2% Acid Violet 4RS | AV | Tryphenylmethane | [24,25,26] | ||
22 | 3% Cyanole Extra Pat. | CY | Triphenylmethane | [27,28] | ||
31 | 2% Orange GG | GG | Azo | [29] | ||
23 | 3% Crystal Scarlet 6R | CS | Azo | [25,30] | ||
26 | 2% Irisamine G pat. | IG | Xanthene | [28] | ||
3 | 1.5% Rose Bengale Extra N. | RB | Xanthene | [25,28] |
Code in the Pattern Book | Dye and Concentration | Identifying Name of the Sample | Family Structure (Dye 1) | Structure (Dye 1) | Ref. | Family Structure (Dye 2) | Structure (Dye 2) | Ref. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mixtures | |||||||||
36 | 3.5% Solid Blue R.2% Cyanole Green 6G | SC | Unknown | Unknown | [27,30] | Tryphen | Unknown | [25,28] | |
57 | 3% Cyanole Green 6G1.5% Fast Yellow S | CF | Tryphen | Unknown | [27,30] | Azo | [25,28] | ||
35 | 2.5% Orange GG1.25% Lanafuchsine SG | OL | Azo | [31] | Azo | [39] | |||
Unknown Pures | |||||||||
24 | 10% Naphthol Black SG | NB | Unknown | Unknown | [30] | - | - | ||
58 | 8% Hat Black BBV | HB | Unknown | Unknown | [30] | - | - |
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Forleo, T.; Giannossa, L.C.; De Juan Capdevila, A.; Lagioia, G.; Mangone, A. Hats Off to Modeling! Profiling Early Synthetic Dyes on Historic Woolen Samples with ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution–Alternating Least Square Algorithm. Molecules 2024, 29, 4651. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194651
Forleo T, Giannossa LC, De Juan Capdevila A, Lagioia G, Mangone A. Hats Off to Modeling! Profiling Early Synthetic Dyes on Historic Woolen Samples with ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution–Alternating Least Square Algorithm. Molecules. 2024; 29(19):4651. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194651
Chicago/Turabian StyleForleo, Tiziana, Lorena Carla Giannossa, Anna De Juan Capdevila, Giovanni Lagioia, and Annarosa Mangone. 2024. "Hats Off to Modeling! Profiling Early Synthetic Dyes on Historic Woolen Samples with ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Multivariate Curve Resolution–Alternating Least Square Algorithm" Molecules 29, no. 19: 4651. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29194651