4.4. Synthesis
5-(
tert-Butyl)-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (
2) [
21]. Paraformaldehyde (514.8 mg, 17.2 mmol, 3.0 eq.) was added to a suspension of 4-(
tert-butyl)phenol (858.9 mg, 5.72 mmol, 1.0 eq.), Et
3N (4.0 mL, 28.6 mmol, 5.0 eq.) and MgCl
2 (1635.0 mg, 17.2 mmol, 3.0 eq.) in MeCN (8.5 mL) at 65 °C. The mixture was stirred for 1.5 h. The resulting reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and quenched with 1 M HCl aq. After the addition of ethyl acetate, the organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was further extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organics were washed with brine (×3), dried over Na
2SO
4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 15:1) to give the desired product
2 (609.4 mg, 60%). Pale yellow oil;
Rf 0.41 (hexane/EtOAc = 15:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 10.86 (s, 1H), 9.89 (s, 1H), 7.59 (dd,
J = 8.8, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d,
J = 2.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d,
J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 1.33 (s, 9H).
5-(
tert-Butyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(perfluorobutyl)benzaldehyde (
3a) [
19]. Perfluorobutyl iodide (861 µL, 5.0 mmol, 5.0 eq.) and V-70L (17.8 mg, 0.058 mmol, 6 mol%) were added to a suspension of salicylaldehyde
2 (178.2 mg, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and cesium carbonate (1310.5 mg, 4.0 mmol, 4.0 eq.) in DMF (1 mL). The mixture was stirred for 30 min at 80 °C in oil bath. The mixture was quenched with 1 M HCl aq. After the addition of Et
2O, the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et
2O (×2). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na
2SO
4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1, 2 times) to give the desired product
3a (126.8 mg, 32%). Yellow solid; mp 38 °C;
Rf 0.48 (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 11.64 (s, 1H), 9.95 (s, 1H), 7.75 (dd,
J = 6.0, 2.4 Hz, 2H), 1.36 (s, 9H);
19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl
3): δ −80.8 (3F), −108.9 (2F), −122.3 (2F), −125.8 (2F).
5-(tert-Butyl)-2-hydroxy-3-(perfluorododecyl)benzaldehyde (3b). V-70L (21.6 mg, 0.07 mmol, 15 mol%) was added to a suspension of salicylaldehyde 2 (83.1 mg, 0.5 mmol, 1.0 eq.), perfluorododecyl iodide (1042.0 mg, 1.4 mmol, 3.0 eq.), and cesium carbonate (608.0 mg, 1.9 mmol, 4.0 eq.) in DMF (3.8 mL). The mixture was stirred for 2.5 h at 80 °C in oil bath. The mixture was quenched with 1 M HCl aq. After the addition of Et2O, the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O (×2). The combined organic phase was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was filtered over a short pad of silica gel (hexane only to hexane/EtOAc = 10:1) and purified by fluorous solid phase extraction (FSPE) using 40% aq. THF (THF/H2O = 60:40) as the fluorophobic solvent and THF as the fluorophilic solvent. Concentration of the THF fraction under reduced pressure gave a residue that was contaminated with BHT, which was removed by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 30:1) to give the desired product 3b (186.3 mg, 50%). White solid; mp 101–102 °C; Rf 0.47 (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 11.65 (s, 1H), 9.95 (s, 1H), 7.76 (dd, J = 6.4, 2.0 Hz, 2H), 1.36 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ 196.7, 158.7, 142.7, 134.7, 133.92, 133.85, 133.77, 121.1, 118.8–107.5 (m, C12F25 tag), 34.4, 31.2; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ −80.6 (3F), −108.7 (2F), −121.3 to −121.7 (16F), −122.5 (2F), −125.9 (2F); HRMS-DART (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C23H14F25O2+, 797.0589; found, 797.0593.
Fluorous iron(III) salen complex with C
4F
9 tag (
1a) [
19]. Under N
2 atmosphere, (1
R,2
R)-(+)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (53.5 mg, 0.25 mmol, 0.5 eq.) was added to a suspension of
3a (197.7 mg, 0.50 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and 3 A MS in dry-EtOH (4 mL). The mixture was stirred at reflux in oil bath for 22 h; 3 A MS was filtered over a pad of Celite
®. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1) to give the ligand as a yellow solid. The ligand was immediately used for the next ligand exchange. Under N
2 atmosphere, FeCl
3 (85.1 mg, 0.52 mmol, 1.1 eq.) was added to a solution of ligand in dry-EtOH (4 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at reflux in oil bath for 1 h. After the addition of EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na
2SO
4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1 to 1:1) to give the fluorous iron(III) salen complex
1a (138.0 mg, 52%). Reddish brown solid; mp 130 °C;
Rf 0.40 (CHCl
3/MeOH = 20:1); HRMS-DART (
m/
z): [M + H]
+ calcd for C
44H
37ClF
18FeN
2O
2+, 1058.1600; found, 1058.1592.
Fluorous iron(III) salen complex with C12F25 tag (1b). Under N2 atmosphere, (1R,2R)-(+)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (29.5 mg, 0.14 mmol, 0.6 eq.) was added to a suspension of 3b (183.6 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and 3 A MS in dry-EtOH (4.6 mL). The mixture was stirred at reflux in an oil bath for 30 min; 3 A MS was filtered over a pad of Celite®. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1) to give the ligand as a yellow solid. Under N2 atmosphere, FeCl3 (37.1 mg, 0.23 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added to a solution of ligand in dry-EtOH (4.6 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at reflux in oil bath for 30 min. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. After the addition of EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1 to 1:1) to give the fluorous iron(III) salen complex 1b (97.6 mg, 46%). Reddish brown solid; mp 196 °C; Rf 0.24 (CHCl3/MeOH = 20:1); HRMS-DART (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C60H37ClF50FeN2O2+, 1858.1089; found, 1858.1087.
Ligand of 1b. Yellow solid; mp 70–72 °C; Rf 0.38 (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 8.42 (s, 2H), 7.46 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H), 7.32 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 2H), 7.24–7.13 (m, 10H), 4.73 (s, 2H), 1.22 (s, 18H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ 166.5, 158.2, 141.2, 138.6, 132.9, 128.7, 128.0, 119.1, 80.3, 34.1, 31.1; 19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl3): δ −80.7 (6F), −108.5 (4F), −121.3 to −121.8 (32F), −122.6 (4F), −126.0 (4F); HRMS-DART (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C60H39F50N2O2+, 1769.2208; found, 1769.2208.
Jacobsen-type iron(III) salen complex (
1c) [
19]. Under N
2 atmosphere, (1
R,2
R)-(+)-1,2-diphenylethylenediamine (127.2 mg, 0.6 mmol, 0.6 eq.) was added to a suspension of 3,5-di-
tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (234.5 mg, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.) and 3 A MS in dry-EtOH (20 mL). The mixture was stirred at reflux in an oil bath for 1 h; 3 A MS was filtered over a pad of Celite
®. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1) to give the ligand as a yellow solid (286.6 mg). Under N
2 atmosphere, FeCl
3 (162.6 mg, 1.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added to a solution of ligand in dry-EtOH (20 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at reflux in oil bath for 1 h. The resulting mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure. After the addition of EtOAc, the organic layer was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na
2SO
4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1 to 1:1) to give the Jacobsen-type iron(III) salen complex
1c (242.8 mg, 33%). Reddish brown solid; mp 183–184 °C;
Rf 0.39 (CHCl
3/MeOH = 20:1); HRMS-DART (
m/
z): [M + H]
+ calcd for C
44H
55ClFeN
2O
2+, 734.3296; found, 734.3296.
Ligand of
1c [
22]. Yellow solid; mp 199–200 °C;
Rf 0.50 (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 8.39 (s, 2H), 7.31–7.30 (m, 2H), 7.22–7.14 (m, 10H), 6.98–6.97 (m, 2H), 4.72 (s, 2H), 1.423–1.418 (m, 18H), 1.224–1.218 (m, 18H).
2,2,3-Triphenyloxirane (
5a) [
23]. Following the general procedure, olefin
4a was converted to epoxide. The conversion was determined by integrating the signals of the olefin (6.97 ppm) and the epoxide (4.33 ppm). The crude product was subsequently purified through silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1), resulting in the isolation of epoxide
5a (95% yield). White solid; mp 70–72 °C; R
f 0.43 (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.39–7.29 (m, 5H), 7.20 (s, 5H), 7.15–7.13 (m, 3H), 7.05–7.02 (m, 2H), 4.33 (s, 1H).
(
E)-1-Methyl-4-styrylbenzene (
4e) [
24]. Under N
2 atmosphere, diethyl benzylphosphonate (1.6 mL, 7.5 mmol, 5.0 eq.) in dry-Et
2O (3.0 mL) was added to a suspension of sodium
tert-butoxide (721.5 mg, 7.5 mmol, 5.0 eq.) in dry-Et
2O (5.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min. 4-Methylbenzaldehyde (177 µL, 1.5 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added to the reaction mixture, and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was quenched with 1 M HCl aq. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na
2SO
4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 30:1) to give the desired product
4e (231.1 mg, 79%). White solid; mp 114 °C;
Rf 0.59 (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.52–7.49 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d,
J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (t,
J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.26–7.22 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d,
J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.08 (d,
J = 2.4 Hz, 2H), 2.36 (s, 3H).
(
E)-1-Methoxy-4-styrylbenzene (
4f) [
24]. Diethyl benzylphosphonate (1.1 mL, 5.5 mmol, 5.0 eq.) in dry-Et
2O (3.0 mL) was added to a suspension of sodium
tert-butoxide (528.0 mg, 5.5 mmol, 5.0 eq.) in dry-Et
2O (3.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 10 min. 4-Methoxybenzaldehyde (133 µL, 1.1 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added to the reaction mixture, and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was quenched with 1 M HCl aq. The reaction mixture was diluted with Et
2O, the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et
2O. The combined organic phase was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na
2SO
4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane only) to give the desired product
4f (178.1 mg, 77%). White solid; mp 130 °C;
Rf 0.31 (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.50–7.44 (m, 4H), 7.34 (t,
J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 7.26–7.21 (m, 2H), 7.07 (d,
J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d,
J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (dt,
J = 8.8, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 3.83 (s, 3H).
(
E)-1-Fluoro-4-styrylbenzene (
4g) [
25]. Diethyl benzylphosphonate (1.6 mL, 7.5 mmol, 5.0 eq.) in dry-Et
2O (3.0 mL) was added to a suspension of sodium
tert-butoxide (723.0 mg, 7.5 mmol, 5.0 eq.) in dry-Et
2O (5.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min. 4-Fluorobenzaldehyde (158 µL, 1.5 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added to the reaction mixture, and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was quenched with 1 M HCl aq. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na
2SO
4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1) to give the desired product
4g (239.8 mg, 81%). White solid; mp 94–95 °C;
Rf 0.78 (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.50–7.46 (m, 4H), 7.36 (t,
J = 7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.28–7.24 (m, 1H), 7.12–7.00 (m, 4H);
19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl
3): δ −114.2 (1F).
(
E)-2-Styrylnaphthalene (
4h) [
26]. Diethyl benzylphosphonate (1.6 mL, 7.5 mmol, 5.0 eq.) in dry-Et
2O (3.0 mL) was added to a suspension of sodium
tert-butoxide (724.7 mg, 7.5 mmol, 5.0 eq.) in dry-Et
2O (5.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 15 min. 2-Naphthaldehyde (234.6 mg, 1.5 mmol, 1.0 eq.) was added to the reaction mixture, and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was quenched with 1 M HCl aq. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc, the organic phase was separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. The combined organic phase was washed with brine (×3), dried over Na
2SO
4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane EtOAc = 30:1) to give the desired product
4h (228.0 mg, 66%). White solid; mp 147 °C;
Rf 0.66 (hexane/EtOAc = 30:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.86–7.81 (m, 4H), 7.75 (d,
J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d,
J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.50–7.43 (m, 2H), 7.39 (t,
J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.31–7.22 (m, 3H).
3-(Methoxymethoxy)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-diene (4i). Under N2 atmosphere, MOMCl (456 µL, 6.0 mmol, 2.0 eq.) was added to a solution of linalool (467.2 mg, 3.0 mmol, 1.0 eq.), DIPEA (1.55 mL, 9.0 mmol, 3.0 eq.), and DMAP (10.3 mg, 0.084 mmol, 2.7 mol%) in dry-DCM (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at room temperature. After completion, the reaction mixture was quenched with 10% citric acid aq. After the addition of DCM, the organic layer was separated, and the aqueous layer was further extracted with DCM. The combined organics were dried over Na2SO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 2:1) to give the desired product 4i (540.9 mg, 91%). Colorless oil; Rf 0.73 (hexane/EtOAc = 5:1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 5.87–5.80 (m, 1H), 5.181–5.178 (m, 1H), 5.15–5.14 (m, 1H), 5.12–5.08 (m, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 2.04–1.98 (m, 2H), 1.68 (br s, 3H), 1.60 (br s, 3H), 1.59–1.55 (m, 2H), 1.32 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ 143.0, 131.6, 124.6, 114.6, 91.8, 78.7, 55.4, 41.1, 25.8, 23.1, 22.6, 17.8; HRMS-DART (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C12H23O2+, 199.1693; found, 199.1692.
trans-Stilbene epoxide (
5b) [
27]. Following the general procedure, olefin
4b was converted to epoxide. The conversion was calculated using the integral of the olefin signal (7.11 ppm) and the epoxide signal (3.86 ppm); conv. 100%. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1) to give the epoxide
5b. White solid; mp 66 °C;
Rf 0.51 (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.40–7.30 (m, 10H), 3.86 (s, 2H).
trans-β-Methylstyrene epoxide (
5c) [
28]. Following the general procedure,
cis-type olefin
4c was converted to epoxide. The conversion was calculated using the integral of the olefin signal (5.79 ppm) and the epoxide signal (3.04 ppm);
trans-type epoxide only, conv. 100%. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1) to give the epoxide
5c. Colorless oil;
Rf 0.33 (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.36–7.25 (m, 5H), 3.57 (d,
J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.04 (dq,
J = 5.2, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 1.45 (d,
J = 5.2 Hz, 3H).
α-Methylstyrene epoxide (
5d) [
27]. Following the general procedure, olefin
4d was converted to epoxide. The conversion was calculated using the integral of the olefin signal (5.28 ppm) and the epoxide signal (2.80 ppm); conv. 100%. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1) to give the epoxide
5d. Colorless oil;
Rf 0.26 (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.39–7.25 (m, 5H), 2.98 (d,
J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 2.80 (dd,
J = 5.6, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 1.72 (s, 3H).
2-Phenyl-3-(
p-tolyl)oxirane (
5e) [
28]. Following the general procedure, olefin
4e was converted to epoxide. The conversion was calculated using the integral of the olefin signal (7.07 ppm) and the epoxide signal (3.83 ppm); conv. 100%. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1) to give the epoxide
5e. White solid; mp 56 °C;
Rf 0.35 (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.40–7.31 (m, 5H), 7.26–7.23 (m, 2H), 7.19 (d,
J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (d,
J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (d,
J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 2.37 (s, 3H).
2-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-phenyloxirane (
5f) [
27]. Following the general procedure, olefin
4f was converted to epoxide. The conversion was calculated using the integral of the olefin signal (7.07 ppm) and the epoxide signal (3.85 ppm); conv. 100%. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1) to give the epoxide
5f. White solid; mp 77–78 °C;
Rf 0.37 (hexane/EtOAc = 10:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.39–7.24 (m, 7H), 6.91 (dt,
J = 2.0, 8.8 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (d,
J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (m, 4H).
2-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-phenyloxirane (
5g) [
28]. Following the general procedure, olefin
4g was converted to epoxide. The conversion was evaluated using the substrate-derived signal (7.51–7.46 ppm) and the epoxide signal (3.83 ppm); conv. 100%. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 30:1) to give the epoxide
5g. White solid; mp 73 °C;
Rf 0.38 (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.41–7.29 (m, 7H), 7.10–7.04 (m, 2H), 3.85 (d,
J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.83 (d,
J = 1.6 Hz, 1H);
19F NMR (376 MHz, CDCl
3): δ −113.5 (1F).
2-(Naphthalen-2-yl)-3-phenyloxirane (
5h) [
29]. Following the general procedure, olefin
4h was converted to epoxide. The conversion was calculated using the substrate-derived signal (7.57 ppm) and the epoxide signal (3.97 ppm); conv. 52%. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 30:1) to give the epoxide
5h. White solid; mp 118–119 °C;
Rf 0.34 (hexane/EtOAc = 20:1);
1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl
3): δ 7.88–7.83 (m, 4H), 7.53–7.46 (m, 2H), 7.44–7.33 (m, 6H), 4.04 (d,
J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (d,
J = 1.6 Hz, 1H).
3-(3-(Methoxymethoxy)-3-methylpent-4-en-1-yl)-2,2-dimethyloxirane (5i). Following the general procedure, olefin 4i was converted to epoxide. The conversion was calculated using the integral of the olefin signal (5.12–5.08 ppm) and the epoxide signal (2.72 ppm); monoxide only, conv. 100%. The obtained crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (hexane/EtOAc = 5:1) to give the epoxide 5i. Colorless oil; Rf 0.38 (hexane/EtOAc = 5:1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): δ 5.86–5.78 (m, 1H), 5.20–5.15 (m, 2H), 4.71–4.68 (m, 1H), 4.62 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 2.72 (t, J = 5.6 Hz, 1H), 1.80–1.53 (m, 5H), 1.32 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 3H), 1.31 (s, 3H), 1.27 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (101 MHz, CDCl3): δ 142.7, 142.5, 115.1, 115.0, 91.8, 78.3, 64.6, 58.5, 55.4, 37.72, 37.69, 25.0, 23.67, 23.64, 23.1, 23.0, 18.78, 18.76; HRMS-DART (m/z): [M + H]+ calcd for C12H23O3+, 215.1642; found, 215.1642.