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Article

Evaluation of Film-Forming Properties of α-1,3-Glucan Obtained from “Chicken of the Woods” Mushroom (Laetiporus sulphureus): Film Development, Characterization, and Biodegradation Assessment

by
Kowalczyk Dariusz
1,
Barbara Gieroba
2,
Katarzyna Niedźwiadek
1,
Mikołaj Krysa
2,
Anna Sroka-Bartnicka
2,
Adam Waśko
3,
Ewa Ozimek
4,
Aleksandra Ściegienna
4,
Monika Basiura-Cembala
5,
Waldemar Kazimierczak
6 and
Adrian Wiater
4,*
1
Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
2
Independent Unit of Spectroscopy and Chemical Imaging, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
3
Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
4
Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
5
Institute of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Materials, Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Bielsko-Biala, Willowa 2, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
6
Department of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Faculty of Medicine, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2025, 30(7), 1619; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071619
Submission received: 24 February 2025 / Revised: 29 March 2025 / Accepted: 2 April 2025 / Published: 4 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chitosan, Chitosan Derivatives, Polysaccharides and Their Applications—2nd Edition)
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Abstract

Unlike many biopolymers, α-1,3-glucan (α-1,3-GLU) is water-insoluble, making it a promising candidate for the production of moisture-resistant films with applications in biodegradable packaging, biomedicine, and cosmetics. This study aimed to characterize the structural, physicochemical (water affinity, optical, mechanical), and biodegradation properties of a film made from α-1,3-GLU extracted from Laetiporus sulphureus. The film was fabricated through alkaline dissolution, casting, drying, washing to remove residual NaOH, and re-plasticization with a glycerol solution. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the polysaccharide nature of the film, with predominant α-glycosidic linkages. The film exhibited a semi-crystalline structure and high opacity due to surface roughness resulting from polymer coagulation. Owing to re-plasticization, the film showed a high moisture content (~47%), high water solubility (81.95% after 24 h), and weak mechanical properties (tensile strength = 1.28 MPa, elongation at break ≈ 10%). Its water vapor permeability (53.69 g mm m−2 d−1 kPa−1) was comparable to other glycerol-plasticized polysaccharide films reported in the literature. The film supported the adhesion of soil microorganisms and target bacteria and was susceptible to degradation by Trichoderma harzianum and endo- and exo-α-1,3-glucanases, indicating its biodegradability. The limitations in its mechanical strength and excessive hydration indicate the need for improvements in the composition and methods of producing α-1,3-GLU films.
Keywords: Laetiporus sulphureus mushroom; α-1,3-glucan; biodegradable film; molecular structure; tensile strength; water vapor permeability Laetiporus sulphureus mushroom; α-1,3-glucan; biodegradable film; molecular structure; tensile strength; water vapor permeability

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dariusz, K.; Gieroba, B.; Niedźwiadek, K.; Krysa, M.; Sroka-Bartnicka, A.; Waśko, A.; Ozimek, E.; Ściegienna, A.; Basiura-Cembala, M.; Kazimierczak, W.; et al. Evaluation of Film-Forming Properties of α-1,3-Glucan Obtained from “Chicken of the Woods” Mushroom (Laetiporus sulphureus): Film Development, Characterization, and Biodegradation Assessment. Molecules 2025, 30, 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071619

AMA Style

Dariusz K, Gieroba B, Niedźwiadek K, Krysa M, Sroka-Bartnicka A, Waśko A, Ozimek E, Ściegienna A, Basiura-Cembala M, Kazimierczak W, et al. Evaluation of Film-Forming Properties of α-1,3-Glucan Obtained from “Chicken of the Woods” Mushroom (Laetiporus sulphureus): Film Development, Characterization, and Biodegradation Assessment. Molecules. 2025; 30(7):1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071619

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dariusz, Kowalczyk, Barbara Gieroba, Katarzyna Niedźwiadek, Mikołaj Krysa, Anna Sroka-Bartnicka, Adam Waśko, Ewa Ozimek, Aleksandra Ściegienna, Monika Basiura-Cembala, Waldemar Kazimierczak, and et al. 2025. "Evaluation of Film-Forming Properties of α-1,3-Glucan Obtained from “Chicken of the Woods” Mushroom (Laetiporus sulphureus): Film Development, Characterization, and Biodegradation Assessment" Molecules 30, no. 7: 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071619

APA Style

Dariusz, K., Gieroba, B., Niedźwiadek, K., Krysa, M., Sroka-Bartnicka, A., Waśko, A., Ozimek, E., Ściegienna, A., Basiura-Cembala, M., Kazimierczak, W., & Wiater, A. (2025). Evaluation of Film-Forming Properties of α-1,3-Glucan Obtained from “Chicken of the Woods” Mushroom (Laetiporus sulphureus): Film Development, Characterization, and Biodegradation Assessment. Molecules, 30(7), 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30071619

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