Experimental and Numerical Analysis of High-Resolution Injection Technique for Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chip Fabrication and Experimental Setup
3. Numerical Modeling
4. Results and Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
- Fu, LM; Lin, CH. A rapid DNA digestion system. Biomed. Microdevices 2007, 9, 277–286. [Google Scholar]
- Tsai, CH; Hou, HH; Fu, LM. An optimal three-dimensional focusing technique for micro-flow cytometers. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2008, 5, 827–836. [Google Scholar]
- Liu, D; Chen, B; Wang, L; Zhou, X. On-chip coupling of free-solution transient ITP and CGE for highly efficient separation of dsDNA with variable sample loading amounts. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 4300–4305. [Google Scholar]
- Wen, CY; Lee, TL; Tsai, CH; Fu, LM. Rapid magnetic microfluidic mixer utilizing AC electromagnetic field. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 4179–4186. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, J; Wang, C; Lin, C; Lei, H; Lee, G. An integrated microfluidic system for counting of CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2010, 6, 739–749. [Google Scholar]
- Xuan, X; Zhu, J; Churc, C. Particle focusing in microfluidic devices. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2010, 9, 1–16. [Google Scholar]
- Rosenauer, M; Vellekoop, MJ. Characterization of a microflow cytometer with an integrated three-dimensional optofluidic lens system. Biomicrofluidics 2010, 4, 043005. [Google Scholar]
- Zeng, J. Non-Linear Electrohydrodynamics in Microfluidic Devices. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2011, 12, 1633–1649. [Google Scholar]
- Nieuwstadt, H; Seda, R; Li, D; Fowlkes, J; Bull, J. Microfluidic particle sorting utilizing inertial lift force. Biomed. Microdevices 2011, 13, 97–105. [Google Scholar]
- Guo, W; Lau, K; Fung, Y. Microfluidic chip-capillary electrophoresis for two orders extension of adjustable upper working range for profiling of inorganic and organic anions in urine. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 3044–3052. [Google Scholar]
- Cao, B; Sun, J; Chen, M; Guo, Z. Molecular momentum transport at fluid-solid interfaces in MEMS/NEMS: A review. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2009, 10, 4638–4706. [Google Scholar]
- Johns, C; Breadmore, MC; Macka, M; Ryvolova, M; Haddad, PR. Recent significant developments in detection and method development for the determination of inorganic ions by CE. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, S53–S67. [Google Scholar]
- Fernandes, P. Miniaturization in Biocatalysis. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2010, 11, 858–879. [Google Scholar]
- Hong, TF; Ju, WJ; Wu, M; Tai, CH; Tsai, CH; Fu, LM. Rapid prototyping of PMMA microfluidic chips utilizing a CO2 laser. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2010, 9, 1125–1133. [Google Scholar]
- Sun, H; Nie, Z; Fung, YS. Determination of free bilirubin and its binding capacity by HSA using a microfluidic chip-capillary electrophoresis device with a multi-segment circular-ferrofluid-driven micromixing injection. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 3061–3069. [Google Scholar]
- Chuang, H; Jacobson, S; Wereley, S. A diffusion-based cyclic particle extractor. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2010, 9, 743–753. [Google Scholar]
- Wang, A; Cheng, C; Lin, I; Lu, F; Tsai, H; Lin, C; Yang, C; Pan, P; Kuan, C; Chen, Y; Lin, Y; Chang, C; Wu, Y; Kurniawan, T; Lin, C; Wo, A; Chen, L. A novel DNA selection and direct extraction process and its application in DNA recombination. Electrophoresis 2011, 32, 423–430. [Google Scholar]
- Oh, K; Smith, B; Devasia, S; Riley, J; Chung, J. Characterization of mixing performance for bio-mimetic silicone cilia. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2010, 9, 645–655. [Google Scholar]
- Tofteberg, T; Skolimowski, M; Andreassen, E; Geschke, O. A novel passive micromixer: Lamination in a planar channel system. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2010, 8, 209–215. [Google Scholar]
- Mao, X; Juluri, B; Lapsley, M; Stratton, Z; Huang, T. Milliseconds microfluidic chaotic bubble mixer. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2010, 8, 139–144. [Google Scholar]
- Hao, GH; Duits, M; Mugele, F. Droplets formation and merging in two-phase flow microfluidics. Int. J. Mol. Sci 2011, 12, 2572–2597. [Google Scholar]
- Fu, LM; Lin, CH. Numerical analysis and experimental estimation of a low leakage injection technique for capillary electrophoresis. Anal. Chem 2003, 75, 5790–5796. [Google Scholar]
- Lin, CH; Yang, RJ; Tai, CH; Lee, CY; Fu, LM. Double-L injection technique for high performance CE detection in microfluidic chips. J. Micromech. Microeng 2004, 14, 639–646. [Google Scholar]
- Tsai, CH; Yang, RJ; Tai, CH; Fu, LM. Numerical simulation of electrokinetic injection techniques in capillary electrophoresis microchips. Electrophoresis 2005, 26, 674–686. [Google Scholar]
- Tsai, CH; Wang, YN; Lin, CF; Yang, RJ; Fu, LM. Experimental and numerical analysis of leakage effect for injectors in microfluidic device. Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 4991–4998. [Google Scholar]
- Chang, CL; Hou, HH; Fu, LM; Tsai, CH. A low-leakage sample plug injection scheme for cross-form microfluidic CE devices incorporating a restricted cross-channel intersection. Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 3135–3144. [Google Scholar]
- Zhuang, GS; Li, G; Jin, QH; Zhao, JL; Yang, MS. Numerical analysis of an electrokinetic double-focusing injection technique for microchip CE. Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 5009–5019. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, RJ; Fu, LM; Lee, GB. Variable-volume-injection methods using electrokinetic focusing on microfluidic chips. J. Sep. Sci 2002, 25, 996–1010. [Google Scholar]
- Fu, LM; Yang, RJ; Lee, GB. Electrokinetic focusing injection methods on microfluidic devices. Anal. Chem 2003, 75, 1905–1910. [Google Scholar]
- Luo, Y; Wu, D; Zeng, S; Gai, H; Long, Z; Shen, Z; Dai, Z; Qin, J; Lin, B. Double-cross hydrostatic pressure sample injection for chip CE: Variable sample plug volume and minimum number of electrodes. Anal. Chem 2006, 78, 6074–6080. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, CH; Yang, RJ. Improvements on the electrokinetic injection technique for microfluidic chips. Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 4970–4981. [Google Scholar]
- Wenclawiak, BW; Püschl, RJ. Sample injection for capillary electrophoresis on a micro fabricated device/on chip CE Injection. Anal. Lett 2006, 39, 3–16. [Google Scholar]
- Tsai, CH; Hung, MF; Chen, LW; Chang, CL; Fu, LM. Optimal configuration of CE microchip with expansion chamber in separation channel. J. Chromatogr. A 2006, 1121, 120–128. [Google Scholar]
- Fu, LM; Leong, JC; Lin, CF; Tai, CH; Tsai, CH. High performance microfluidic CE devices. Biomed. Microdevices 2007, 9, 405–412. [Google Scholar]
- Leong, JC; Tsai, CH; Fu, LM. Design of high-resolution analysis technique for capillary electrophoresis microchip. Jap. J. Appl. Phys 2007, 46, 6865–6870. [Google Scholar]
- Hupert, ML; Guy, WJ; Llopis, SD; Shadpour, H; Rani, S; Nikitopoulos, DE; Soper, SA. Evaluation of micromilled metal mold masters for the replication of microchip electrophoresis devices. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2007, 3, 1–11. [Google Scholar]
- Blas, M; Delaunay, N; Rocca, JL. Comparative study of floating and dynamic injection modes in electrokinetic separative Microsystems. Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 4629–4637. [Google Scholar]
- Blas, M; Delaunay, N; Rocca, JL. Electrokinetic-based injection modes for separative microsystems. Electrophoresis 2008, 29, 20–32. [Google Scholar]
- Barz, DPJ. Comprehensive model of electrokinetic flow and migration in microchannels with conductivity gradients. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2009, 7, 249–265. [Google Scholar]
- Li, B; Jiang, L; Xie, H; Gao, Y; Qin, J; Lin, BC. Development of micropump-actuated negative pressure pinched injection for parallel electrophoresis on array microfluidic chip. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 3053–3057. [Google Scholar]
- Bowen, AL; Martin, RS. Integration of on-chip peristaltic pumps and injection valves with microchip electrophoresis and electrochemical detection. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 2534–2540. [Google Scholar]
- Wu, Z; Cao, X; Chen, L; Zhang, J; Xia, X; Fang, Q; Chen, H. Study on the influence of cross-sectional area and zeta potential on separation for hybrid-chip-based capillary electrophoresis using 3-D simulations. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 3665–3674. [Google Scholar]
- Dossi, N; Toniolo, R; Susmel, S; Pizzariello, A; Bontempelli, G. A simple approach to the hydrodynamic injection in microchip electrophoresis with electrochemical detection. Electrophoresis 2010, 31, 2541–2547. [Google Scholar]
- Lee, DH; Farouk, B; Noh, HS. 3-D simulation of electroosmotic injection and migration in microchannels: effects of non-rectangular cross section. Sep. Sci. Tech 2011, 46, 195–204. [Google Scholar]
- Yang, MH; Wang, SC; Cheng, JC. The optimal control of geometry and voltage parameters on electrokinetic transport to avoid sample leakage. Chromatographia 2011, 73, 567–577. [Google Scholar]
- Hou, HH; Tsai, CH; Fu, LM; Yang, RJ. Experimental and numerical investigation into micro-flow cytometer with 3-D hydrodynamic focusing effect and microweir structure. Electrophoresis 2009, 30, 2507–2515. [Google Scholar]
- Lin, C; Lee, C; Tsai, C; Fu, L. Novel continuous particle sorting in microfluidic chip utilizing cascaded squeeze effect. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2009, 7, 499–508. [Google Scholar]
- Fu, LM; Wang, JH; Luo, WB; Lin, CH. Experimental and numerical investigation into the joule heating effect for electrokinetically driven microfluidic chips utilizing total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. Microfluid. Nanofluid 2009, 6, 499–507. [Google Scholar]
© 2011 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
Share and Cite
Chang, C.-L.; Leong, J.-C.; Hong, T.-F.; Wang, Y.-N.; Fu, L.-M. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of High-Resolution Injection Technique for Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 3594-3605. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12063594
Chang C-L, Leong J-C, Hong T-F, Wang Y-N, Fu L-M. Experimental and Numerical Analysis of High-Resolution Injection Technique for Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2011; 12(6):3594-3605. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12063594
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, Chin-Lung, Jik-Chang Leong, Ting-Fu Hong, Yao-Nan Wang, and Lung-Ming Fu. 2011. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of High-Resolution Injection Technique for Capillary Electrophoresis Microchip" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 12, no. 6: 3594-3605. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12063594