Protective Effect of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. on Aortic Pathology, Tissue Antioxidant Enzymes and Liver Damage in Diet-Induced Atherosclerotic Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Collection and Extract Preparation
3.2. Animals
3.3. Experiment Design
- Group 1: Experimental animals fed with a standard diet and orally administered 1 mL distilled water served as control.
- Group II: Negative control rats were fed with an atherogenic diet comprised of normal rat chow plus 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid and 0.5% thiouracil.
- Group III and IV: These experimental animals were fed with an atherogenic diet comprised of the normal rat chow plus 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid and 0.5% thiouracil, but also supplemented orally with extract of T. violacea (0.25 g/kg and 0.50 g/kg body weight, respectively) once daily for two weeks.
- Group V: These rats were fed with an atherogenic diet [normal rat chow plus 4% cholesterol, 1% cholic acid and 0.5% thiouracil) supplemented with standard atorvastatin orally (30 mg/kg body weight) suspended in distilled water once daily for two weeks.
3.4. Body Weight, Food Intake and Water Consumption
3.5. Sample Collection
3.6. Liver and Aorta Homogenate Preparation
3.7. Hematological Analysis
3.8. Biochemical Assay
3.9. Determination of Catalyse Activity (CAT)
3.10. Determination of Superoxide Dismutase Activity
3.11. Estimation of Malonyldialdehyde (MDA)
3.12. Histopathological Analysis of the Liver and Aorta
3.13. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
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Treatment | AIW (g) | AFW | % weight gain | FI (g/2 weeks) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 151.0 ± 0.11 | 208.0 ± 0.14 | 38.0 | 341.11 |
Athero-diet | 152.1 ± 0.12 | 237.1 ± 0.12 * | 55.9 | 353.62 |
Athero-diet + TVR (250 mg/kg) | 150.2 ± 0.10 | 215.2 ± 0.11 | 36.7 | 346.24 |
Athero-diet + TVR (500 mg/kg) | 153.0 ± 0.13 | 210.3 ± 0.13 | 34.6 | 343.40 |
Athero-diet + TVR (30 mg ator) | 152.4 ± 0.12 | 209.1 ± 0.11 | 37.2 | 342.21 |
Treatment (mg/kg) | TG (mg/dL) | TC (mg/dL) | LDL (mg/dL) | VLDL (mg/dL) | HDL-c (mg/dL) | Atherogenic index (AI) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 63.32 ± 0.25 a | 75.11 ± 0.21 a | 7.45 ± 0.23 a | 15.94 ± 0.50 a | 39.10 ± 0.41 a | 0.92 ± 0.12 |
Ath diet | 99.3 ± 1.23 b | 148.3 ± 0.23 b | 25.24 ± 0.17 b | 38.12 ± 0.19 b | 11.59 ± 0.35 b | 11.80 ± 0.15 |
TVR (250) | 79.35 ± 0.43 c | 95.21 ± 0.22 c | 19.18 ± 0.15 c | 25.43 ± 0.23 c | 21.61 ± 0.27 c | 3.41 ± 0.14 a |
TVR (500) | 71. 78 ± 0.21 c | 83.11 ± 0.25 d | 10.44 ± 0.21 d | 19.25 ± 0.14 d | 29.41 ± 0.19 d | 1.83 ± 0.11 b |
Ator- (30) | 66.16 ± 0.24 a | 80.34 ± 0.31 d | 8.54 ± 0.32 d | 16.19 ± 0.11 d | 31.29 ± 0.16 d | 1.56 ± 0.13 c |
Group | PLT (g/L) | Fibrinogen (g/L) | NO (μmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|
Normal | 405.2 ± 0.25 a | 1.95 ± 0.43 a | 57.33 ± 0.11 a |
Ath diet | 847.4 ± 0.21 b | 3.21 ± 0.28 b | 46.38 ± 0.18 b |
TVR (250 mg/kg) | 490.6 ± 0.23 a | 2.63 ± 0.25 c | 51.36 ± 0.25 a |
TVR (500 mg/kg) | 420.4 ± 0.16 a | 2.01 ± 0.39 d | 53.28 ± 0.35 a |
Ato- (30mg/kg) | 415.9 ± 0.51 a | 1.99 ± 0.16 d | 55.19 ± 0.22 a |
Group | AST (IU/L) | ALT (IU/L) | ALP (IU/L) | LDH (IU/L) | T-Bilirubin (mg/dL) | Creatinine (μmol/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal | 23.12 ± 0.15 a | 26.03 ± 0.13 a | 42.33 ± 0.17 a | 69.18 ± 0.11 a | 0.21 ± 0.21 a | 61.12 ± 0.50 a |
Ath diet | 47.32 ± 0.21 b | 51.21 ± 0.18 b | 92.38 ± 0.14 b | 138.3 ± 0.23 b | 5.43 ± 0.25 b | 67.11 ± 0.32 b |
TVR (250 mg/kg) | 38.61 ± 0.33 c | 41.13 ± 0.15 c | 58.22 ± 0.45 c | 98.12 ± 0.20 c | 3.98 ± 0.19 c | 65.01 ± 0.21 c |
TVR (500 mg/kg) | 31.55 ± 0.16 c | 35.43 ± 0.19 d | 51.14 ± 0.31 c | 79.33 ± 0.35 d | 2.14 ± 0.25 d | 62.23 ± 0.38 a |
Ato- (30mg/kg) | 28.89 ± 0.51 a | 34.63 ± 0.16 d | 50.69 ± 0.42 c | 73.41 ± 0.31 d | 2.11 ± 0.24 d | 61.99 ± 0.26 a |
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Olorunnisola, O.S.; Bradley, G.; Afolayan, A.J. Protective Effect of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. on Aortic Pathology, Tissue Antioxidant Enzymes and Liver Damage in Diet-Induced Atherosclerotic Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 12747-12760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131012747
Olorunnisola OS, Bradley G, Afolayan AJ. Protective Effect of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. on Aortic Pathology, Tissue Antioxidant Enzymes and Liver Damage in Diet-Induced Atherosclerotic Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(10):12747-12760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131012747
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlorunnisola, Olubukola S., Graeme Bradley, and Anthony J. Afolayan. 2012. "Protective Effect of Tulbaghia violacea Harv. on Aortic Pathology, Tissue Antioxidant Enzymes and Liver Damage in Diet-Induced Atherosclerotic Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 10: 12747-12760. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms131012747