Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 as a Potential Biomarker for Early Anti-Thrombotic Therapy after Ischemic Stroke
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Study Population
2.2. MCP-1 Levels after Differential Antithrombotic Treatment
2.3. Outcome at 90 Days Dependent on Stroke Severity but not on MCP-1
2.4. Association of MCP-1 Baseline Levels, Anti-Thrombotic Therapy and Outcome at 90 Days
3. Discussion
4. Experimental Section
4.1. Patients and Clinical Assessment
4.2. Protocol Approval, Registration and Patient Consents
4.3. Procedures
4.4. Measurement of MCP-1
4.5. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
- Conflict of InterestFor H.W., there is no conflict of interest. R.D. has received consulting fees, honoraria, and support for travel to meetings for the study, fees for participation in review activities, payment for development of educational presentations, and travel expenses from Boehringer Ingelheim. H.S. is and W.G.E. has been employees of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG. A.S. has received consulting fees, honoraria, support for travel to meetings for the study, fees for participation in review activities, and board membership fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, and honoraria from Sanofi–Aventis. R.L. has received consulting fees, and honoraria from Boehringer Ingelheim. K.W. has received consulting fees and support for travel to meetings for the study from Boehringer Ingelheim. The study was sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim. The sponsor was involved in the study design, data collection, data analysis, and interpretation of the data. The sponsor was not involved in the decision to submit the paper for publication. All authors had complete access to the trial data and had responsibility for the final statistical analysis and interpretation of the results. All authors vouch for the accuracy and completeness of the data and analyses. The corresponding author was responsible for the decision to submit the paper for publication.
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Total (n = 425) | Early ASA + ER-DP (n = 220) | Early ASA (n = 205) | |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) ≥ 65 | 68 (27–95) | 67.0 (27–95) | 69.0 (37–88) |
272 (64%) | 131 (60%) | 141 (69%) | |
Men | 272 (64%) | 146 (66%) | 126 (62%) |
White | 424 (100%) | 219 (100%) | 205 (100%) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 27.4 (4.0) | 27.4 (4.1) | 27.3 (4.0) |
BMI ≥ 30 | 103 (24%) | 53 (24%) | 50 (24%) |
Smoking | |||
Never | 198 (47%) | 93 (42%) | 105 (51%) |
Ex-smoker | 125 (29%) | 64 (29%) | 61 (30%) |
Current | 100 (24%) | 63 (29%) | 37 (18%) |
Concomitant disease | |||
Hypertension | 317 (75%) | 161 (73%) | 156 (76%) |
Diabetes | 102 (24%) | 51 (23%) | 51 (25%) |
Hyperlipidaemia | 142 (33%) | 79 (36%) | 63 (31%) |
Atrial flutter or fibrillation | 16 (4%) | 9 (4%) | 7 (3%) |
Congestive heart failure | 19 (5%) | 6 (3%) | 13 (6%) |
History of prior stroke | 61 (14%) | 34 (16%) | 27 (13%) |
mRS | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) |
NIHSS | 3 (0–20) | 3 (0–15) | 3 (0–20) |
Total (n = 425) | Early ASA + ER-DP (n = 220) | Early ASA (n = 205) | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 183 (145–217) | 182 (143–215) | 184 (148–223) | - |
Day 8 | 186 (156–229) | 186 (154–231) | 186 (158–227) | - |
Change from baseline | 8 (−25–41) | 9 (−21–41) | 7 (−28–41) | n.s. |
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Worthmann, H.; Dengler, R.; Schumacher, H.; Schwartz, A.; Eisert, W.G.; Lichtinghagen, R.; Weissenborn, K. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 as a Potential Biomarker for Early Anti-Thrombotic Therapy after Ischemic Stroke. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 8670-8678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13078670
Worthmann H, Dengler R, Schumacher H, Schwartz A, Eisert WG, Lichtinghagen R, Weissenborn K. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 as a Potential Biomarker for Early Anti-Thrombotic Therapy after Ischemic Stroke. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2012; 13(7):8670-8678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13078670
Chicago/Turabian StyleWorthmann, Hans, Reinhard Dengler, Helmut Schumacher, Andreas Schwartz, Wolfgang G. Eisert, Ralf Lichtinghagen, and Karin Weissenborn. 2012. "Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 as a Potential Biomarker for Early Anti-Thrombotic Therapy after Ischemic Stroke" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 13, no. 7: 8670-8678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms13078670