Epigenetic Mechanisms in Penile Carcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Risk Factors: Human Papillomavirus as One of the Main Actors
3. Histopathological Data: Involvement of Lymph Nodes as the Major Predictive Factor of Poor Prognosis in Penile Cancer
4. Epigenetic Alterations and Cancer: Emerging Potential Markers of Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapy
5. Epigenetics Studies in PeCa
6. Future Perspectives and Direction
Acknowledgments
Conflict of Interest
References
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References | Number of samples | Method | Gene studied | % methylation | HPV infection | HPV 16 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ferreux et al. [105] | 53 | Methylation-specific PCR | CDKN2A | 9 (17%) | 20 (38%) | 15 (28%) |
Poetsch et al. [112] | 52 | Methylation-specific PCR | CDKN2A | 22 (42%) | 20 (38%) | 18 (35%) |
Soufir et al. [106] | 3 | Methylation-specific PCR | CDKN2A | 0 (0%) | 2 (66.3%) | 2 (100%) |
Guerreto et al. [108] | 24 | Methylation-specific PCR | CDKN2A RASSF1A TSP-1 | 9 (38%) 10 (42%) 11 (46%) | 11 (46%) | 10 (42%) |
Yanagawa et al. [109] | 26 | Methylation-specific PCR | DAPK FHIT MGMT CDKN2A (p16INK4A) CDKN2A (p14ARF) RARβ RASSF1A RUNX3 | 7 (26.9%) 23 (88.4%) 5 (19.2%) 1 (3.8%) 6 (23.1%) 6 (23.1%) 3 (11.5%) 11 (42.3%) | 3 (11.5%) | 3 (11.5%) |
Yanagawa et al. [110] | 25 | Methylation-specific PCR | DAPK FHIT MGMT CDKN2A (p16INK4A) CDKN2A (p14ARF) RARβ RASSF1A RUNX3 | 7 (28%) 23 (92%) 5(20%) 1 (4%) 6 (24%) 6 (24%) 3 (12%) 11 (44%) | 3 (12%) | 3 (12%) |
Kalantari et al. [107] | 24 | DNA sequencing | L1 HPV16 LCR HPV16 | 58% 22% | 24 (100%) | 19 (79%) |
Rogenhofer et al. [111] | 65 | Immunohistochemical | H3K4 H3K9 H3K27 | H3K4me1 Decrease H3K9me1 Decrease H3K9me2 Decrease H3K27me2 Decrease H3K27me3 Decrease H3K9me3 Increase |
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Kuasne, H.; Marchi, F.A.; Rogatto, S.R.; De Syllos Cólus, I.M. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Penile Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 10791-10808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140610791
Kuasne H, Marchi FA, Rogatto SR, De Syllos Cólus IM. Epigenetic Mechanisms in Penile Carcinoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013; 14(6):10791-10808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140610791
Chicago/Turabian StyleKuasne, Hellen, Fabio Albuquerque Marchi, Silvia Regina Rogatto, and Ilce Mara De Syllos Cólus. 2013. "Epigenetic Mechanisms in Penile Carcinoma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 14, no. 6: 10791-10808. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms140610791