Heat-killed VSL#3 Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis in Rats
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Disease Activity Index, Colon Length, Histopathology and Score of Histopathological Lesions
2.2. MPO Activity
2.3. Expression of IL-6, IL-23, TGF-β, and STAT3 mRNA in Colonic Tissue
2.4. Western-Blot Analysis
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Animals
4.2. Experimental Protocol
4.3. Induction of Acute DSS Colitis
4.4. Experimental Protocol
4.5. Sample Collection
4.6. Assessment of Colitis
4.7. RNA Isolation and Quantitative Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
4.8. Western Blotting Analysis
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | DAI | Colon length | Histopathological score |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 0.12 ± 0.5 bc | 19.09 ± 0.41 bc | 0 bc |
DSS | 7.75 ± 0.75 ac | 15.62 ± 0.39 ac | 8.50 ± 0.93 ac |
DSS + normal saline | 7.12 ± 0.64 ac | 15.59 ± 0.41 ac | 8.75 ± 0.71 ac |
Mesalazine | 6.00 ± 0.93 ab | 17.38 ± 0.47 ab | 6.38 ± 0.74 ab |
VSL#3 | 6.25 ± 0.71 ab | 17.05 ± 0.33 ab | 6.50 ± 0.76 ab |
Heat-killed VSL#3 | 6.12 ± 0.84 ab | 16.95 ± 0.47 ab | 6.38 ± 0.52 ab |
Mesalazine + VSL#3 | 5.00 ± 0.76 abc | 18.05 ± 0.58 abc | 4.88 ± 0.84 abc |
Fecal Property | Fecal Occult Blood | Body Weight Decrease (%) | Integral |
---|---|---|---|
Normal | Normal | 0 | 0 |
1–5 | 1 | ||
Relaxed | Positive Fecal Occult Blood | >5–10 | 2 |
>10–15 | 3 | ||
Loose stools | Naked Eye Fecal Occult Blood | >15 | 4 |
Integral | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inflammation | None | Mild | Moderate | Severe | - |
Mucosal damage | None | Mucous layer | Submucosa | Muscularis and serosa | - |
Crypt damage | None | 1/3 | 2/3 | 100% | 100% with epithelium loss |
Pathological change range | None | 0%–25% | 26%–50% | 51%–75% | 76%–100% |
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Sang, L.-X.; Chang, B.; Dai, C.; Gao, N.; Liu, W.-X.; Jiang, M. Heat-killed VSL#3 Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 15-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15010015
Sang L-X, Chang B, Dai C, Gao N, Liu W-X, Jiang M. Heat-killed VSL#3 Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis in Rats. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(1):15-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15010015
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang, Li-Xuan, Bing Chang, Cong Dai, Nan Gao, Wei-Xin Liu, and Min Jiang. 2014. "Heat-killed VSL#3 Ameliorates Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-Induced Acute Experimental Colitis in Rats" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 1: 15-28. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms15010015