Local Melatoninergic System as the Protector of Skin Integrity
Abstract
:1. Synthesis and Metabolism of Melatonin in a “Nutshell”
1.1. Overview of Melatonin Synthesis
1.2. Melatoninergic System in the Skin
1.3. Melatonin Receptors in the Skin
1.4. Overview of Melatonin Metabolism
2. Melatonin as a “Guardian” of the Genome and Cellular and Tissue Integrity of the Skin
2.1. Skin as the Environmentally Most-Stressed Organ
2.2. Melatonin as a Protectant against Oxidative Stress Imposed to the Skin
2.3. Melatonin Protects Skin Cells against UVR
Time Post-UVR (h) | Intracellular pH (pHi) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 mJ/cm2 | 50 mJ/cm2 | |||
–Mel | +Mel | –Mel | +Mel | |
HaCaT | ||||
0 | 7.40 ± 0.01 | 7.40 ± 0.02 | 7.22 ± 0.03 # | 7.22 ± 0.05 |
24 | 7.37 ± 0.03 | 7.39 ± 0.02 | 6.40 ± 0.04 # | 6.56 ± 0.01 + |
48 | 7.31 ± 0.05 | 7.33 ± 0.05 | 6.08 ± 0.02 # | 6.33 ± 0.03 +++ |
NHEK | ||||
0 | 7.40 ± 0.03 | 7.40 ± 0.02 | 7.14 ± 0.05 | 7.16 ± 0.04 |
24 | 7.36 ± 0.03 | 7.39 ± 0.03 | 6.11 ± 0.02 # | 6.43 ± 0.02 ++ |
48 | 7.34 ± 0.04 | 7.37 ± 0.03 | 5.93 ± 0.05 # | 6.28 ± 0.02 +++ |
2.4. Melatonin Protects against Skin Photodamage
3. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Slominski, A.T.; Kleszczyński, K.; Semak, I.; Janjetovic, Z.; Żmijewski, M.A.; Kim, T.-K.; Slominski, R.M.; Reiter, R.J.; Fischer, T.W. Local Melatoninergic System as the Protector of Skin Integrity. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 17705-17732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151017705
Slominski AT, Kleszczyński K, Semak I, Janjetovic Z, Żmijewski MA, Kim T-K, Slominski RM, Reiter RJ, Fischer TW. Local Melatoninergic System as the Protector of Skin Integrity. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(10):17705-17732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151017705
Chicago/Turabian StyleSlominski, Andrzej T., Konrad Kleszczyński, Igor Semak, Zorica Janjetovic, Michał A. Żmijewski, Tae-Kang Kim, Radomir M. Slominski, Russel J. Reiter, and Tobias W. Fischer. 2014. "Local Melatoninergic System as the Protector of Skin Integrity" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 10: 17705-17732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151017705