Long Non-Coding RNAs: Critical Players in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Dysregulation of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
LncRNA | Dysregulation | Biological Functions in HCC | Molecular Mechanism | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
H19 | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Competitively bind to the let-7; interact with EZH2 and repress the expression of E-cadherin | [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25] |
HOTAIR | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Competitively bind to the miR-331-3p and depress the expression of HER2; interact with EZH2 and LSD1 | [27,28,52,53] |
HOTTIP | Up-regulated | Promote proliferation of HCC cells | Interact with WDR5/MLL and drive the H3K4me3 | [29,30] |
HULC | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Competitively bind to the miR-372 | [31,32,33] |
KCNQ1OT1 | Up-regulated | Promote HCC progression | Interact with Ehmt2 and PRC2 complex and drive the H3K9 and H3K27 methylation | [34,54] |
Linc-ROR | Up-regulated | Promote cell survival during hypoxic stress | Competitively bind to the miR-145 Competitively bind to | [37] |
MALAT1 | Up-regulated | Promote invasion | miR-9 targets MALAT1 in the nucleus and regulates the MALAT1 in an AGO2-dependent manner; competitively bind to miR-125b | [38,39,55,56] |
MEG3 | Down-regulated | HCC growth control | Interact with PRC2 complex | [41,42,57] |
PCNA-AS1 | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Form RNA hybridization to increase PCNA mRNA stability | [43] |
LncRNA-DREH | Down-regulated | Inhibit growth and metastasis | Interact with vimentin protein and repress its expression | [44] |
LncRNA-HEIH | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth | Interact with EZH2 and repress the expression of p15, p16, p21, p57 | [45] |
LncRNA-MVIH | Up-regulated | Promote HCC growth, microvascular invasion and intrahepatic metastasis | Interact with PGK1 and inhibit its secretion | [46] |
LncRNA-LET | Down-regulated | Inhibit hypoxia-induced HCC cell invasion | Interact with NF90 protein and increases its degradation | [47] |
LncRNA-ATB | Up-regulated | Induced by TGF-β and promotes EMT, HCC cell invasion and metastasis | Competitively bind to the miR-200 family; binding IL-11 mRNA | [48] |
LncRNA-hPVT1 | Up-regulated | Promotes HCC growth | Interact with NOP2 protein and enhance its stability | [49] |
3. Biological Roles of lncRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
3.1. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) Growth
3.2. HCC Invasion and Metastasis
3.3. HCC Apoptosis
4. Molecular Mechanisms of LncRNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
4.1. LncRNA-Protein Interaction
4.2. LncRNA-MicroRNA Interaction
4.3. LncRNA-mRNA Interaction
5. Conclusions and Perspectives
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sun, J.; Bie, B.; Zhang, S.; Yang, J.; Li, Z. Long Non-Coding RNAs: Critical Players in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 20434-20448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151120434
Sun J, Bie B, Zhang S, Yang J, Li Z. Long Non-Coding RNAs: Critical Players in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(11):20434-20448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151120434
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Jin, Beibei Bie, Shu Zhang, Jun Yang, and Zongfang Li. 2014. "Long Non-Coding RNAs: Critical Players in Hepatocellular Carcinoma" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 11: 20434-20448. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms151120434