Morphology and Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns during Floral Induction and Early Flower Development in Dendrocalamus latiflorus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Morphological Studies of the Transition from the Vegetative Bud to Inflorescence Initiation and Flower Ontogeny
Stage | Length of Floral Buds | Events |
---|---|---|
2 | 0–2 mm | Spikelet primordium/the first glume primordium |
3 | 2–3 mm | Primordium of the first floret/the second glume/the second floret |
4 | 3–4 mm | Stamen primordia and pistil primordium |
5 | 4–5 mm | Stamen primordia and pistil primordium continuing to develop into rapid increase in size |
2.2. Isolation and Analysis of the Ten Candidate Genes
Gene Name | Length (bp) | Pathways | Domain | Similarity with Ortholog in Poaceae |
---|---|---|---|---|
DlAP1 | 228 | Floral meristem identity genes | MADS-box | MADS 14 (Oryza sativa) (99%) |
DlTFL1 | 249 | Floral meristem identity genes | Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein | TFL1 (Bambusa oldhamii) (98%) |
DlRFL | 137 | Floral meristem identity genes | FLO/LFY protein | RFL (Oryza sativa) (97%) |
DlFT | 150 | Photoperiod pathway | PEBP | FT (Triticum aestivum) (98%) |
DlID1 | 74 | Photoperiod pathway | C2H2 | Ehd2 (Oryza sativa Japonica group) (100%) |
DlFCA | 112 | Autonomous pathway | FCA-like protein | FCA (Triticum aestivum) (84.4%) |
DlMADS1 | 92 | Other flower gene | MADS-box | MADS (Phyllostachys praecox) (100%) |
DlMADS2 | 130 | Other flower gene | MADS-box | MADS (Zea mays) (80%) |
DlSPL9 | 86 | Other flower gene | SBP domain transcription factor | SPL9 (Setaria italic) (86%) |
DlEMF2 | 200 | Other flower gene | VEFS-box of polycomb protein | EMF2 (Setaria italic) (98%) |
2.3. Quantitative Expression Patterns of the Ten Candidate Genes from Floral Transition to Early Floral Development
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Experimental Materials
3.2. Paraffin Sectioning
3.3. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
3.4. Primary Screening for Candidate Genes
3.5. Sequence and Phylogenetic Analysis of Meristem Genes (DlAP1, DlTFL, DlRFL)
3.6. Quantitative Real-Time PCR
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Files
Supplementary File 1Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, X.; Zhang, X.; Zhao, L.; Guo, Z. Morphology and Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns during Floral Induction and Early Flower Development in Dendrocalamus latiflorus. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2014, 15, 12074-12093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150712074
Wang X, Zhang X, Zhao L, Guo Z. Morphology and Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns during Floral Induction and Early Flower Development in Dendrocalamus latiflorus. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2014; 15(7):12074-12093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150712074
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Xiaoyan, Xuemei Zhang, Lei Zhao, and Zhenhua Guo. 2014. "Morphology and Quantitative Monitoring of Gene Expression Patterns during Floral Induction and Early Flower Development in Dendrocalamus latiflorus" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 15, no. 7: 12074-12093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms150712074