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Review

Carbon Fluxes between Primary Metabolism and Phenolic Pathway in Plant Tissues under Stress

by
Sofia Caretto
1,
Vito Linsalata
2,
Giovanni Colella
1,
Giovanni Mita
1 and
Vincenzo Lattanzio
3,*
1
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
2
Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola, 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
3
Department of Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, 71100 Foggia, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16(11), 26378-26394; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125967
Submission received: 14 September 2015 / Revised: 23 October 2015 / Accepted: 26 October 2015 / Published: 4 November 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Research in Plant Secondary Metabolism 2015)
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Abstract

Higher plants synthesize an amazing diversity of phenolic secondary metabolites. Phenolics are defined secondary metabolites or natural products because, originally, they were considered not essential for plant growth and development. Plant phenolics, like other natural compounds, provide the plant with specific adaptations to changing environmental conditions and, therefore, they are essential for plant defense mechanisms. Plant defensive traits are costly for plants due to the energy drain from growth toward defensive metabolite production. Being limited with environmental resources, plants have to decide how allocate these resources to various competing functions. This decision brings about trade-offs, i.e., promoting some functions by neglecting others as an inverse relationship. Many studies have been carried out in order to link an evaluation of plant performance (in terms of growth rate) with levels of defense-related metabolites. Available results suggest that environmental stresses and stress-induced phenolics could be linked by a transduction pathway that involves: (i) the proline redox cycle; (ii) the stimulated oxidative pentose phosphate pathway; and, in turn, (iii) the reduced growth of plant tissues.
Keywords: environmental stresses; phenolics; resistance costs; trade-offs; proline; transduction pathway environmental stresses; phenolics; resistance costs; trade-offs; proline; transduction pathway
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MDPI and ACS Style

Caretto, S.; Linsalata, V.; Colella, G.; Mita, G.; Lattanzio, V. Carbon Fluxes between Primary Metabolism and Phenolic Pathway in Plant Tissues under Stress. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 26378-26394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125967

AMA Style

Caretto S, Linsalata V, Colella G, Mita G, Lattanzio V. Carbon Fluxes between Primary Metabolism and Phenolic Pathway in Plant Tissues under Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(11):26378-26394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125967

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caretto, Sofia, Vito Linsalata, Giovanni Colella, Giovanni Mita, and Vincenzo Lattanzio. 2015. "Carbon Fluxes between Primary Metabolism and Phenolic Pathway in Plant Tissues under Stress" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 11: 26378-26394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125967

APA Style

Caretto, S., Linsalata, V., Colella, G., Mita, G., & Lattanzio, V. (2015). Carbon Fluxes between Primary Metabolism and Phenolic Pathway in Plant Tissues under Stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 16(11), 26378-26394. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161125967

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