Antibacterial Activity of Shikimic Acid from Pine Needles of Cedrus deodara against Staphylococcus aureus through Damage to Cell Membrane
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Antibacterial Activity of Shikimic Acid (SA) to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)
2.2. Leakage of Cell Constituents Induced by SA
2.3. Effect of SA on Membrane Potential
2.4. Membrane Integrity
2.5. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
2.6. Effect of SA on the S. aureus Cell Membrane Fluidity
2.7. Effect of SA on the S. aureus Cell Membrane Protein
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Assay for Antibacterial Activity
3.3. Measurement of the Potassium Efflux
3.4. Measurement of the Nucleotide Leakage
3.5. Membrane Potential Assay
3.6. Membrane Integrity
3.7. TEM
3.8. Membrane Fluidity Assay
3.9. Effect of SA on S. aureus Membrane Protein
3.10. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Bai, J.; Wu, Y.; Liu, X.; Zhong, K.; Huang, Y.; Gao, H. Antibacterial Activity of Shikimic Acid from Pine Needles of Cedrus deodara against Staphylococcus aureus through Damage to Cell Membrane. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 27145-27155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161126015
Bai J, Wu Y, Liu X, Zhong K, Huang Y, Gao H. Antibacterial Activity of Shikimic Acid from Pine Needles of Cedrus deodara against Staphylococcus aureus through Damage to Cell Membrane. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(11):27145-27155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161126015
Chicago/Turabian StyleBai, Jinrong, Yanping Wu, Xiaoyan Liu, Kai Zhong, Yina Huang, and Hong Gao. 2015. "Antibacterial Activity of Shikimic Acid from Pine Needles of Cedrus deodara against Staphylococcus aureus through Damage to Cell Membrane" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 11: 27145-27155. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161126015