Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Polyphenolics and Other Bioactive Compounds: A Traditional Islamic Remedy’s Potential in Prevention of Cell Damage, Cancer Therapeutics and Beyond
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Phoenix dactylifera Constituents
Phenolic Acids | ||
Syringic acid | Ferulic acid | |
Flavanoids | ||
Quercetin | Procyanidin | |
Carotenoids | ||
Beta carotene | ||
Lutein |
3. Anti-Oxidant Action of Phoenix dactylifera
4. Potential Role of Phoenix dactylifera in Prevention of Oxidative Cell Damage
5. Potential of Phoenix dactylifera as a Chemotherapeutic Agent
6. The Role of Phoenix dactylifera in Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Toxicities
6.1. Prevention of Hepatotoxicty
6.2. Prevention of Nephrotoxicity
6.3. Prevention of Gastrotoxicity
Fresh Fruit (mg per 100 g) | Dried fruit (mg per 100 g) | Seed (mg per 100 g) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Phenolic acids | Hydroxybenzoic acids | ||||
4-Hydroxybenzoic | 0.16 | 0 | |||
Gallic | 0.16 | 1.56 | |||
Protocatechuic | 2.27 | 4.94 | |||
Syringic | 2.45 | 6.06 | |||
Vanillic | 1.76 | 4.13 | |||
p-Hydroxybenzoic | |||||
Hydroxycinnaminic acids | |||||
Caffeic | 3.37 | 2.52 | Protocatechuic | 7.9 | |
Ferulic | 9.62 | 11.83 | Caffeoylshikimic (total) | 28.3 | |
o-Coumaric | 0.50 | 2.88 | |||
p-Coumaric | 2.89 | 5.77 | |||
Flavonoids | Apigenin | Apigenin derivative | 0.5 | ||
Quercetin | Quercetin derivative | 3.4 | |||
Luteolin | Proanthocyanidin dimer (total) | 55.8 | |||
Proanthocyanidines | Proanthocyanidin trimer (total) | 61.3 | |||
Anthocyanins | Epicatechin | 18.8 | |||
Lignans | 323.6 µg | ||||
Carotenoids | B-carotene | ||||
Lutein | |||||
Lycopene | |||||
Violaxanthin | |||||
Flavoxanthin | |||||
Neoxanthin | |||||
Leukoxanthin |
Calories (kcal/100 g) | Protein (g/100 g) | Fat (g/100 g) | |
Fresh fruit | 213 | 1.5 | 0.14 |
Dried fruit | 314 | 2.14 | 0.38 |
Major Phytoestrogens | Amount (µg/100 g) | ||
Total | 329.5 | ||
Lariciresinol | 116.9 | ||
Pinoresinol | 100.2 | ||
Secoisolariciresinol | 106.2 | ||
Other | 6.2 | ||
Minerals | Amount | ||
Selenium, Copper, Potassium, Magnesium, Chromium | 10%–19% of daily values | ||
Iodine | 6 µg/100 g | ||
Vitamins | Amount | ||
A, B1, C | Trace |
6.4. Prevention of Peripheral Neuropathy
7. Discussion
On the Horizon: Recommendation for Future Research and Studies
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Yasin, B.R.; El-Fawal, H.A.N.; Mousa, S.A. Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Polyphenolics and Other Bioactive Compounds: A Traditional Islamic Remedy’s Potential in Prevention of Cell Damage, Cancer Therapeutics and Beyond. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2015, 16, 30075-30090. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226210
Yasin BR, El-Fawal HAN, Mousa SA. Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Polyphenolics and Other Bioactive Compounds: A Traditional Islamic Remedy’s Potential in Prevention of Cell Damage, Cancer Therapeutics and Beyond. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2015; 16(12):30075-30090. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226210
Chicago/Turabian StyleYasin, Bibi R., Hassan A. N. El-Fawal, and Shaker A. Mousa. 2015. "Date (Phoenix dactylifera) Polyphenolics and Other Bioactive Compounds: A Traditional Islamic Remedy’s Potential in Prevention of Cell Damage, Cancer Therapeutics and Beyond" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16, no. 12: 30075-30090. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms161226210