Exogenous Melatonin Improves Plant Iron Deficiency Tolerance via Increased Accumulation of Polyamine-Mediated Nitric Oxide
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of Fe Deficiency on the Content of Melatonin and Polyamine in Arabidopsis
2.2. Involvement of Polyamine in Plant Fe Deficiency Tolerance Conferred by Melatonin
2.3. Exogenous Melatonin Increased the Polyamine-Mediated NO Production in Arabidopsis Roots
2.4. NO Is Involved in the Regulation of Plant Fe Deficiency Responses by Melatonin
3. Discussion
3.1. Exogenous Melatonin Enhances the Tolerance of Plants to Fe Deficiency
3.2. The Polyamine Levels Are Responsible for Melatonin-Alleviated Plant Fe Deficiency
3.3. Melatonin Regulated Plant Fe Deficiency Responses, Which Is Dependent on the Action of NO
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
4.2. Determination of Endogenous Melatonin and Polyamine Content
4.3. Measurement of Fe Levels
4.4. Assays of FCR and ADC Activity
4.5. Gene Expression Analyses
4.6. NO Detection by Confocal Microscopy
4.7. Statistical Analyses
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
NO | Nitric oxide |
PTIO | 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1–1-oxy-3-oxide |
ADC | Arginine decarboxylase |
Put | Putrescine |
Spd | Spermidine |
Spm | Spermine |
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Zhou, C.; Liu, Z.; Zhu, L.; Ma, Z.; Wang, J.; Zhu, J. Exogenous Melatonin Improves Plant Iron Deficiency Tolerance via Increased Accumulation of Polyamine-Mediated Nitric Oxide. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111777
Zhou C, Liu Z, Zhu L, Ma Z, Wang J, Zhu J. Exogenous Melatonin Improves Plant Iron Deficiency Tolerance via Increased Accumulation of Polyamine-Mediated Nitric Oxide. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(11):1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111777
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhou, Cheng, Zhi Liu, Lin Zhu, Zhongyou Ma, Jianfei Wang, and Jian Zhu. 2016. "Exogenous Melatonin Improves Plant Iron Deficiency Tolerance via Increased Accumulation of Polyamine-Mediated Nitric Oxide" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 11: 1777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111777