Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Essential Oil Yields and Composition
2.2. Cytotoxicity of Linalool, L. angustifolia and C. sativum Essential Oils
2.3. ADCY1, ERK: Western Blot Analysis
2.4. Effects on Neuronal Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Isolation of the Volatile Oil
4.3. GC-FID Analysis
4.4. GC/MS Analysis
4.5. Identification of the Essential Oil Components
4.6. Human Neuroblastoma Cell Cultures
4.7. Primary Neuron Cultures
4.8. MTT Bioassay
4.9. Extraction Proteins and Western Blotting
4.10. Data Recordings, Signal Processing and Data Analysis
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ADCY1 | Adenylyl Cyclase 1 |
CNS | Central Nervous System |
ERK | Extracellular signal-Regulated Kinase |
MEA | Multi Electrode Array |
MTT | 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide |
OD | Optical Density |
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No. | Compound | L | C | Ki a | Ki b | Identification c |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | α-Thujene | - | 0.1 | 909 | 929 | 1,3 |
2 | α-Pinene | 0.8 | 5.0 | 922 | 939 | 1,2 |
3 | Camphene | 0.6 | 1.0 | 935 | 954 | 1,2 |
4 | Thuja-2,4(10)-diene | 0.1 | - | 957 | 960 | 1,2 |
5 | Sabinene | - | 0.7 | 961 | 975 | 1,2 |
6 | β-Pinene | 0.9 | 0.8 | 980 | 979 | 1,3 |
7 | Myrcene | 1.9 | 0.1 | 985 | 990 | 1,2 |
8 | α-Phellandrene | 0.2 | - | 991 | 1002 | 1,2 |
9 | δ-3-Carene | 0.9 | 0.1 | 1000 | 1008 | 1,2 |
10 | α-Terpinene | 0.2 | - | 1000 | 1017 | 1,3 |
11 | p-Cymene | 0.4 | 2.8 | 1009 | 1024 | 1,2 |
12 | Limonene | 2.1 | 2.6 | 1014 | 1029 | 1,2,3 |
13 | 1,8-Cineole | 8.0 | 0.1 | 1017 | 1031 | 1,2 |
14 | (Z)-β-Ocimene | 0.6 | 1.1 | 1025 | 1037 | 1,2 |
15 | (E)-β-Ocimene | 1.4 | 0.1 | 1036 | 1050 | 1,2 |
16 | γ-Terpinene | 0.3 | 2.7 | 1046 | 1059 | 1,2 |
17 | cis-sabinene Hydrate | 0.2 | t | 1057 | 1070 | 1,2 |
18 | cis-Linalool oxide | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1063 | 1072 | 1,2,3 |
19 | Terpinolene | 0.7 | 0.5 | 1076 | 1088 | 1,2,3 |
20 | Linalool | 33.1 | 67.8 | 1099 | 1096 | 1,2,3 |
21 | (2E)-Heptenyl acetate | 0.2 | - | 1100 | 1113 | 1,2 |
22 | Menth-en-1-ol | t | - | 1109 | 1121 | 1,2,3 |
23 | allo-Ocymene | 1.3 | - | 1115 | 1132 | 1,2 |
24 | trans-Pinocarveol | 0.1 | - | 1125 | 1135 | 1,2 |
25 | Camphor | 11.0 | 5.0 | 1135 | 1146 | 1,2,3 |
26 | Lavandulol | 0.1 | - | 1153 | 1169 | 1,2 |
27 | Borneol | 4.5 | 0.3 | 1155 | 1160 | 1,2 |
28 | Pinocarvone | 0.1 | - | 1165 | 1164 | 1,2 |
29 | neo-iso-Isopulegol | 2.3 | - | 1166 | 1171 | 1,2 |
30 | Terpinen-4-ol | - | 0.3 | 1167 | 1177 | 1,2 |
31 | cis-Linalool oxide | t | - | 1172 | 1170 | 1,2,3 |
32 | p-Cimen-8-ol | - | 0.1 | 1176 | 1182 | 1,2 |
34 | Menthol | 0.2 | - | 1177 | 1171 | 1,2 |
35 | α-Terpineol | 1.6 | 0.6 | 1182 | 1188 | 1,2 |
36 | Hexyl butanoate | 0.5 | - | 1183 | 1192 | 1,2 |
37 | Methyl Chavicol | - | 0.1 | 1188 | 1196 | 1,2 |
38 | Safranale | - | t | 1197 | 1196 | 1,2 |
39 | n-Decanal | - | t | 1207 | 1201 | 1,2 |
40 | Nerol | 0.2 | - | 1215 | 1229 | 1,2 |
41 | Citronellol | - | 0.3 | 1217 | 1225 | 1,2 |
42 | Hexyl-(2E)-butenoate | 0.3 | - | 1228 | 1242 | 1,2 |
43 | Neral | - | 0.1 | 1230 | 1238 | 1,2 |
44 | Linalyl acetate | 10.4 | - | 1247 | 1257 | 1,2 |
45 | Geraniol | - | 2.0 | 1248 | 1252 | 1,2 |
46 | Geranial | - | 0.1 | 1268 | 1267 | 1,2 |
47 | Iso-3-Thujanol acetate | 0.1 | - | 1275 | 1270 | 1,2 |
48 | Neo-3-Thujanol acetate | 0.1 | - | 1281 | 1276 | 1,2 |
50 | α-Terpinen-7-ale | 0.1 | - | 1283 | 1285 | 1,2 |
51 | Thymol | - | 0.1 | 1296 | 1290 | 1,2 |
52 | 10-Undecenal | - | t | 1294 | 1299 | 1,2 |
53 | p-Cymen-7-ol | t | - | 1297 | 1290 | 1,2 |
54 | Terpinyl acetate | 0.1 | - | 1315 | 1317 | 1,2 |
55 | Mirtenyl acetate | t | 0.2 | 1315 | 1326 | 1,2,3 |
56 | Neryl acetate | - | t | 1346 | 1361 | 1,2 |
57 | α-Terpinyl acetate | 0.8 | - | 1355 | 1349 | 1,2 |
58 | (E)-2-undecenal | - | 0.1 | 1359 | 1360 | 1,2 |
59 | α-Cubebene | 0.2 | - | 1368 | 1,2 | |
60 | α-Copaene | 1.4 | - | 1374 | 1376 | 1,2 |
61 | β-Cubebene | 0.2 | - | 1378 | 1,2 | |
62 | Geranyl acetate | - | 3.7 | 1382 | 1381 | 1,2 |
63 | Longifolene | 0.2 | - | 1394 | 1,2 | |
64 | (Z)-Caryophyllene | 3.3 | - | 1408 | 1408 | 1,2 |
65 | (E)-Caryophyllene | 0.4 | 0.1 | 1413 | 1419 | 1,2,3 |
66 | cis-Thujopsene | 0.3 | - | 1424 | 1431 | 1,2 |
67 | β-Copaene | 0.3 | - | 1433 | 1432 | 1,2 |
68 | α-Guaiene | 0.3 | - | 1442 | 1,2 | |
69 | 6,9-guaiadiene | 0.9 | - | 1445 | 1444 | 1,2 |
70 | allo-Aromadendrene | 0.3 | - | 1458 | 1466 | 1,2 |
71 | cis-Muurola-4(14,5)diene | 0.2 | - | 1468 | 1468 | 1,2 |
72 | β-Selinene | 0.3 | - | 1486 | 1490 | 1,2 |
73 | δ-Selinene | 0.5 | - | 1490 | 1492 | 1,2 |
74 | γ-Cadinene | 0.2 | - | 1511 | 1513 | 1,2 |
75 | Caryophyllene oxide | 0.4 | - | 1572 | 1583 | 1,2,3 |
76 | epi-α-Cadinol | 0.2 | - | 1629 | 1640 | 1,2 |
77 | β-Bisabolol | 1.2 | - | 1672 | 1,2 | |
Total | 97.3 | 99.3 | ||||
Oxygenated Monoterpene | 72.9 | 77.8 | ||||
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 12.6 | 17.6 | ||||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 9.2 | 3.7 | ||||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | 1.6 | - |
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Caputo, L.; Souza, L.F.; Alloisio, S.; Cornara, L.; De Feo, V. Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17121999
Caputo L, Souza LF, Alloisio S, Cornara L, De Feo V. Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(12):1999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17121999
Chicago/Turabian StyleCaputo, Lucia, Lucéia Fátima Souza, Susanna Alloisio, Laura Cornara, and Vincenzo De Feo. 2016. "Coriandrum sativum and Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Activity on Central Nervous System" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 12: 1999. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17121999