Placental Expression Patterns of Galectin-1, Galectin-2, Galectin-3 and Galectin-13 in Cases of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Gal-1 Expression Shows No Significant Changes in IUGR Placentas in Villous Trophoblasts
2.2. In Villous and Extravillous Trophoblasts, Gal-2 Shows a Fetal Gender-Specific Expression in Control and IUGR Placentas
2.3. In Extravillous Trophoblasts, Gal-3 Gender-Specific Differences in Expression Disappear in Cases of IUGR
2.4. Gal-13 Expression Is Strongly Decreased in Villous and Extravillous Trophoblasts in IUGR Complicated Pregnancies of Male Fetal Gender
2.5. Immunofluorescence Double Staining
2.6. Correlation Analysis
2.7. Stratification for Gestational Age
2.8. Production of Gal-2 mRNA Is Downregulated in Male IUGR Placentas
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Placental Tissues
4.2. Immunohistochemical Staining for Paraffin Sections
4.3. Evaluation of Staining
4.4. Immunofluorescence Double Staining
4.5. Control Slides for Galectin Staining
4.6. Isolation of RNA for qPCR
4.7. cDNA Synthesizing/Reverse Transcription
4.8. qPCR
4.9. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MDPI | Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute |
DOAJ | Directory of Open Access Journals |
TLA | three letter acronym |
LD | linear dichroism |
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Parameter | IUGR | Control | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Male | Female | Male | Female | |
Duration of gestation at delivery (weeks) | 33 (SD 3.27) | 37 (SD 4.30) | 40 (SD 1.6) | 40 (SD 0.9) |
neonatal birth weight (g) | 1400 (SD 496.65) | 1950 (SD 625.7) | 3157.5 (SD 480.3) | 3440 (SD 249.19) |
pH umbilical artery | 7.32 (SD 0.04) | 7.36 (SD 0.08) | 7.3 (SD 0.09) | 7.39 (SD 0.08) |
Apgar score at 5 min | 9 (SD 1.52) | 9.5 (SD 2.34) | 10 (SD 0) | 10 (SD 0) |
Apgar score at 10 min | 10 (SD 1.73) | 10 (SD 1.6) | 10 (SD 0) | 10 (SD 0) |
maternal age (years) | 32 (SD 5.43) | 31 (SD 3.45) | 30,5 (SD 6.4) | 33 (SD 5.20) |
ethnicity of parents | Caucasian (100%) | Caucasian (100%) | Caucasian (100%) | Caucasian (100%) |
Antigen | Antibody | Isotype | Dilution | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gal-1 | 201002 | Rat IgG2b | 1:50 | R&D |
Gal-2 | NBP1-89690 | Rabbit IgG | 1:100 | Novus Biologicals |
Gal-3 | 9C4 | Mouse IgG1 | 1:500 | Novocastra |
Gal-13 | NBP1-91922 | Rabbit IgG | 1:50 | Novus Biologicals |
HLA-G | MEM-6/9 | Mouse IgG1 | 1:50 | Dako |
CK7 | NCL-L-CK7-OVTL | Mouse IgG1 | 1:30 | Novocastra |
CK7 | Sc-25721 | Rabbit IgG | 1:100 | Santa Cruz |
Target | Applied Biosystems Number |
---|---|
LGALS2 | Hs00197810_m1 |
LGALS3 | Hs00173587_m1 |
LGALS13 | Hs00747811_m1 |
ACTB | Hs99999903_m1 |
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Hutter, S.; Knabl, J.; Andergassen, U.; Hofmann, S.; Kuhn, C.; Mahner, S.; Arck, P.; Jeschke, U. Placental Expression Patterns of Galectin-1, Galectin-2, Galectin-3 and Galectin-13 in Cases of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040523
Hutter S, Knabl J, Andergassen U, Hofmann S, Kuhn C, Mahner S, Arck P, Jeschke U. Placental Expression Patterns of Galectin-1, Galectin-2, Galectin-3 and Galectin-13 in Cases of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(4):523. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040523
Chicago/Turabian StyleHutter, Stefan, Julia Knabl, Ulrich Andergassen, Simone Hofmann, Christina Kuhn, Sven Mahner, Petra Arck, and Udo Jeschke. 2016. "Placental Expression Patterns of Galectin-1, Galectin-2, Galectin-3 and Galectin-13 in Cases of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 4: 523. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17040523