Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Periodontitis in Vivo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. In Vitro Studies
2.2. In Vivo Study
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Subjects and Samples
4.2. In Vitro Study—Sample Collection
4.3. Preparation of Enriched Agar Plates
4.4. Development of Plaque-Derived Biofilms
4.5. Photodynamic Treatment in Vitro
4.5.1. Planktonic Bacteria
4.5.2. Biofilms
4.6. Preparation and Characterization of PLGA Nanocarriers
4.7. In Vivo Study
4.8. Data Collection—Measurement Reproducibility
4.9. Clinical Parameters
4.10. Statistical Analysis
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
aPDT | antimicrobial photodynamic therapy |
BOP | bleeding on probing |
CFU | colony-forming unity |
CAL | clinical attachment level |
GBI | gingival bleeding index |
MB | methylene blue |
MB-NP | methylene blue-loaded PLGA nanoparticles |
NP | nanoparticle |
PLGA | poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid) |
PPD | probing pocket depth |
ROS | reactive oxygen species |
SRP | scaling and root planing |
VPI | visible plaque index |
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Planktonic | Free MB | MB-NP |
---|---|---|
log10 steps reduction | 0.58 | 0.71 |
% reduction | 70.97 | 80.40 |
CFU/mL average | 564,167 | 380,833 |
log10 average | 5.70 | 5.58 |
SD | 0.21 | 0.20 |
Biofilm | Free MB | MB-NP |
log10 steps reduction | 0.35 | 0.69 |
% reduction | 55.04 | 79.37 |
CFU/mL average | 1,002,500 | 972,500 |
log10 average | 6.00 | 5.99 |
SD | 0.17 | 0.22 |
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De Freitas, L.M.; Calixto, G.M.F.; Chorilli, M.; Giusti, J.S.M.; Bagnato, V.S.; Soukos, N.S.; Amiji, M.M.; Fontana, C.R. Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Periodontitis in Vivo. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050769
De Freitas LM, Calixto GMF, Chorilli M, Giusti JSM, Bagnato VS, Soukos NS, Amiji MM, Fontana CR. Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Periodontitis in Vivo. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(5):769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050769
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Freitas, Laura Marise, Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto, Marlus Chorilli, Juçaíra Stella M. Giusti, Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato, Nikolaos S. Soukos, Mansoor M. Amiji, and Carla Raquel Fontana. 2016. "Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Periodontitis in Vivo" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 5: 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050769
APA StyleDe Freitas, L. M., Calixto, G. M. F., Chorilli, M., Giusti, J. S. M., Bagnato, V. S., Soukos, N. S., Amiji, M. M., & Fontana, C. R. (2016). Polymeric Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Periodontitis in Vivo. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(5), 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17050769