Developments in Methods for Measuring the Intestinal Absorption of Nanoparticle-Bound Drugs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Developments of in Vitro Methods
2.1. Dialysis Bag
2.2. Rat Gut Sac
2.3. Ussing Chamber
2.4. Cell Culture Model
2.4.1. Caco-2 Monolayer
2.4.2. Co-Cultures of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX
3. Developments of in Situ Methods
3.1. Intestinal Perfusion
3.1.1. Circular Perfusion Method
3.1.2. Single-Pass Perfusion
3.2. Intestinal Loop Method
3.3. Intestinal Vascular Cannulation
4. Development of in Vivo Methods
5. Conclusions
Model | Advantages | Disadvantages | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
In vitro | Dialysis bag | Positive dialysis | It promotes the exchange of substances internal and external dialysis bags a and avoids the loss of NPs during the sampling. | NP solution suffers reduced mixing with the release medium [20]. |
Reverse dialysis | NPs mix better with the release medium. | It is difficult to sample. | ||
Rut gut sac | Everted gut sac | Drugs can contact well with the intestinal mucosa. | There will be morphological damages to intestinal tissue [31]. | |
Non-everted gut sac | The procedure is simple. There are minor intestinal morphological changes as sampling [31]. | Drugs can not contact well with intestinal mucosa. | ||
Ussing chamber | It is suitable to study the absorption of different intestine segments. Samples are clean and easy to be analysed. | It lacks blood and nerve supply. The mucosa loses activity easily [10,37]. | ||
Cell culture | Caco-2 monolayer | It can be used to distinguish different absorption pathways in the intestinal cavity, to determine the way of drug absorption and the kinetic parameters of drug absorption [54,55]. | It lacks mucous layer and some metabolic enzymes. It is impermeable to hydrophilic or paracellular transport [13,56]. | |
Co-culture of Caco-2 and HT29-MTX | It mimicks well the intestinal cells [37,42]. | It’s hard to co-culture. | ||
In situ | Intestinal perfusion | Circular perfusion | It has complete blood supply and nerve domination. | Animals may die during the experiment. Samples are complicated to test. |
Single-pass perfusion | It has complete blood supply and nerve domination. | Animals may die during the experiment. Samples are complicated to test. | ||
Intestinal loop | It is easier to operate than intestinal perfusion. | It is difficult to analyse the samples. | ||
Intestinal Vascular cannulation | It simulates well the intestinal absorption of nanoparticles [80]. | It is difficult to sample. | ||
In vivo | Blood or urine detection | It can truly reflect the NP intestinal absorption in vivo [87,88,89]. | It can not study the absorption mechanism and reflect the partial intestinal absorption [90,91]. |
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Liu, W.; Pan, H.; Zhang, C.; Zhao, L.; Zhao, R.; Zhu, Y.; Pan, W. Developments in Methods for Measuring the Intestinal Absorption of Nanoparticle-Bound Drugs. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2016, 17, 1171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071171
Liu W, Pan H, Zhang C, Zhao L, Zhao R, Zhu Y, Pan W. Developments in Methods for Measuring the Intestinal Absorption of Nanoparticle-Bound Drugs. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2016; 17(7):1171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071171
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiu, Wei, Hao Pan, Caiyun Zhang, Liling Zhao, Ruixia Zhao, Yongtao Zhu, and Weisan Pan. 2016. "Developments in Methods for Measuring the Intestinal Absorption of Nanoparticle-Bound Drugs" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 17, no. 7: 1171. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17071171