MicroRNA-34a: A Versatile Regulator of Myriads of Targets in Different Cancers
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Activation and Expression of miR-34a
3. miR-34a-Mediated Regulation of Different Targets
4. miR-34a Co-Operates with Multiple microRNAs to Target Different Genes
5. miR-34’s Role in Cancer Treatment
6. Multi-Layered Complexity of Competitive Endogenous RNAs Crosstalk and Competition with miR-34a
7. Nanotechnological Strategies to Deliver miR-34a
8. Natural Products-Mediated Regulation of miR-34a
9. Darker Side of miR-34a in Different Cancers
10. Clinical Trials Involving miR-34a
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ATM | Ataxia-telangiectasia Mutated Kinase |
ATP | Adenosine-Triphosphate |
ceRNA | Competitive endogenous RNA |
Clp1 | Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factor I Subunit-1 |
CSC | Cancer stem cell |
DDX3X | DEAD-box RNA helicase |
DHX9 | DEAH Box Polypeptide-9 |
DLL1 | Delta-like ligand 1 |
DMPM | Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma |
dsRNA | Double-stranded RNA |
DZnep | 3-Deazaneplanocin A |
EMT | Epithelial to mesenchymal transition |
ESCC | Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma |
FNDC3B | Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 3B |
ghRNA | Guide hairpin RNA |
HCC | Hepatocellular carcinoma |
HHV-8 | Human herpesvirus 8 |
HMGB1 | High Mobility Group Box-1 |
HOTAIR | Hox transcript antisense intergenic RNA |
IGF2BP3 | Insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 3 |
KSHV | Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus |
LF-MFs | Low-frequency magnetic fields |
Linc-ROR | Long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming |
LncARSR | lncRNA Activated in RCC with sunitinib resistance |
LncRNAs | long non-coding RNAs |
NEAT1 | Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript-1 |
PDAC | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
PKR | Protein kinase (PKR) |
PPC-1 | Primary prostate carcinoma-1 |
RLR | RIG-I-like receptor |
SIRT1 | Silent expression regulator-1 |
SMAD3 | Mothers Against Decapentaplegic |
ST3GAL5 | ST3 Beta-Galactoside Alpha-2,3-Sialyltransferase 5 |
TKIs | Tyrosine-kinase-inhibitors |
TLR | Toll-like receptor |
TRIM8 | Tripartite motif containing protein-8 |
TUG1 | Taurine upregulated 1 |
VEGFA | Vascular endothelial growth factor-A |
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Target | Target Type | Cancer | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
FNDC3B (Fibronectin Type III Domain Containing 3B) | Gene | Esophageal | [25] |
HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box-1) | Gene | Acute Myeloid Leukemia | [24] |
IGF2BP3 (Insulin-like growth factor-2 mRNA-binding protein 3) | Gene | Gastric | [26] |
Linc-ROR (long intergenic non-protein coding RNA, regulator of reprogramming) | lncRNA | Breast | [27] |
MMP2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) | Gene | Esophageal | [25] |
NEAT1 (Nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript-1) | lncRNA | Renal | [28] |
N-MYC (basic helix-loop-helix protein 37) | Gene | Renal/colorectal | [29] |
SIRT1 (silent expression regulator-1) | Gene | Renal | [30] |
TUG1 (Taurine upregulated 1) | lncRNA | Endometrial | [31] |
Target | Mechanism | Biological Function | References |
---|---|---|---|
DAPK2 (Death-associated protein kinase 2), Sp1 (specificity protein 1) | miR-34a inhibits apoptosis of dendritic cells through repression of DAPK2/Sp1 pathway | Immunotherapy | [35] |
AR (Androgen Receptor) | Negative regulation of AR by miR-34a increases ULBP2 expression and enhances NK cell activity | Immunotherapy | [36] |
PD-L1 (Programmed death-ligand 1) | miR-34a can modulate PD-L1, an important mediator of immune response | Immunotherapy | [37] |
VEGFA (Vascular endothelial growth factor A) | LncRNA-TUG1 functions as a miR-34a sponge in hepatoblastoma cells, and TUG1-miR-34a-VEGFA axis affects angiogenesis | Angiogenesis | [31] |
CD44 | Reduced blood vessel density observed in tumors treated with miR-34a | Angiogenesis | [38] |
Bcl-2 | miR-34a promotes apoptosis | Apotosis | [39,40] |
Sirtuin-1 (SIRT-1) | SIRT-1 is negatively regulated by miR-34a | Apoptosis | [41] |
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Farooqi, A.A.; Tabassum, S.; Ahmad, A. MicroRNA-34a: A Versatile Regulator of Myriads of Targets in Different Cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102089
Farooqi AA, Tabassum S, Ahmad A. MicroRNA-34a: A Versatile Regulator of Myriads of Targets in Different Cancers. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(10):2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102089
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarooqi, Ammad Ahmad, Sobia Tabassum, and Aamir Ahmad. 2017. "MicroRNA-34a: A Versatile Regulator of Myriads of Targets in Different Cancers" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 10: 2089. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18102089