KLF2 in Regulation of NF-κB-Mediated Immune Cell Function and Inflammation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Kruppel-Like Factor
3. Kruppel Like Factor 2
3.1. KLF2 in Lungs
3.2. KLF2 in T Cells
3.3. KLF2 in T-Regulatory Cells
4. KLF2 in B Cells
4.1. KLF2 in Endothelial Cells
4.2. KLF2 in Monocytes
5. Inflammation Master Regulator NF-κB
6. NF-κB Protein Family
7. Structure, Function and Regulation of NF-κB
8. KLF2-Mediated Regulation of NF-κB Transcriptional Activity and Function in Monocytes
9. KLF2-Mediated Regulation of NF-κB Transcriptional Activity and Function in Endothelial Cells
10. KLF2 in Inflammatory Diseases
11. KLF2 in Sepsis
12. KLF2 in Rheumatoid Arthritis
13. KLF2 in Atherosclerosis
14. Conclusions
15. Future Directions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
KLF2 | Kruppel-like factor 2 |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor-κB |
PCAF | p300/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein (CBP)-associated factor |
MEF2 | MADS box transcription enhancer factor 2 |
HDAC | Histone deacetylases |
EKLF | Erythroid Kruppel-like factor |
CtBP | Carboxy-terminal binding protein |
LKLF | Lung Kruppel-like factor |
SMRT | Silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors |
LPS | Lipopolysaccharides |
RAPGEF3 | Guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 |
RAC | Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate |
RAG | Recombination activating gene |
Myc | Myelocytomatosis |
Mad | Mitotic arrest deficient |
Cip | Cyclin-dependent kinase interacting protein |
MHC | Major histocompatibility complex |
S1P1 | Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 1 |
TCR | T cell receptor |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
ERK | Extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
IL | Interleukin |
CXCR | C-X-C motif chemokine receptor |
CXCL10 | C-X-C motif chemokine 10 |
T-regs | Regulatory T cells |
FoxP3 | Forkhead box P3 |
i-T-regs | Induced T-regulatory cells |
ChIP | Chromatin immunoprecipitation |
H4Ac | Acetylated histone H4 |
TGF-β | Transforming growth factor-beta |
WWP1 | WW domain-containing protein 1 |
SMURF1 | Smad ubiquitination regulatory factor 1 |
FBW7 | F-box/WD repeat-containing protein 7 |
FO | Follicular |
MZ | Marginal zone |
BCR | B cell receptor |
VCAM | Vascular cell adhesion molecule |
eNOS | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase |
GTP | Guanosine triphosphate |
RhoA | Ras homolog gene family member A |
Cdc42 | Cell division cycle 42 |
PFKFB3 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase-3 |
ICAM | Intercellular adhesion molecule |
Rel | Reticuloendotheliosis |
IKK | Inhibitor of κB kinase |
MCP-1 | Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 |
COX-2 | Cyclooxygenase-2 |
GSK | Glycogen synthase kinase |
HIF-1α | Hypoxia induced factor-1α |
mBSA | Methylated bovine serum albumin |
PAI-1 | Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 |
TRAP | Triiodothyronine receptor auxiliary protein |
MMP | Matrix metalloproteinases |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor-α |
MIP | Macrophage inflammatory proteins |
RHD | Rel homology domain |
RANK | Receptor activator of NF-κB |
CBP | Cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB)-binding protein |
PKA | Protein kinase A |
MIF | Macrophage migration inhibitory factor |
H3K9 | Histone 3 lysine 9 |
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KLF Group | Characteristics | KLF Family Members | Function |
---|---|---|---|
Group 1 | Presence of CtBP- binding sites | KLFs 3, 8 and 12 | Transcriptional repressors through their interaction with the carboxy-terminal binding protein (CtBP) |
Group 2 | Ability to bind deacetylases | KLFs 1, 2, 4, 5, 6 and 7 | Transcriptional activators |
Group 3 | Presence of a Sin3A-binding sites | KLFs 9, 10, 11, 13, 14 and 16 | Repressor activity through their interaction with the common transcriptional co-repressor Sin3A |
Subfamily | Protein | Precursors | Gene |
---|---|---|---|
NF-κB | NF-κB1 | p105→p50 | NFKB1 |
NF-κB2 | p100→p52 | NFKB2 | |
Rel | RelA | p65 | RELA |
RelB | RELB | ||
c-Rel | REL |
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Jha, P.; Das, H. KLF2 in Regulation of NF-κB-Mediated Immune Cell Function and Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112383
Jha P, Das H. KLF2 in Regulation of NF-κB-Mediated Immune Cell Function and Inflammation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(11):2383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112383
Chicago/Turabian StyleJha, Prerana, and Hiranmoy Das. 2017. "KLF2 in Regulation of NF-κB-Mediated Immune Cell Function and Inflammation" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 11: 2383. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112383