Green Routes for the Production of Enantiopure Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Working with Living Organisms: Biotechnological Approaches in Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids (BIA) Production
2.1. BIA Production in Plants
2.2. BIA Production in Microbial Systems: Bacteria and Yeast
2.2.1. Bacterial Factories
2.2.2. Yeast Factories
3. Norcolaurine Synthase: The Gate of BIA Chirality
3.1. Chemo-Enzymatic Synthesis of BIAs
3.2. Fully Enzymatic Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
BIAs | Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids |
THIQs | Tetrahydroisoquinolines |
4-HPAA | 4-hydroxyphenylacethaldehyde |
NCS | Norcoclaurine synthase |
VIGS | Virus-induced gene silencing |
CRISPR | Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats |
OMT | O-Methyltransferase |
CMNT | Coclurine-N-methyltransferase |
TNMT | Tetrahydroprotoberberine-cis-N-methyltransferase |
BBE | Berberine bridge enzyme |
DODC | l-DOPA decarboxylase |
MAO | Monoamine oxidase |
LCAO | Lathyrus cicera amine oxidase |
CYP | Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases |
TAm | Transaminase |
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Ghirga, F.; Bonamore, A.; Calisti, L.; D’Acquarica, I.; Mori, M.; Botta, B.; Boffi, A.; Macone, A. Green Routes for the Production of Enantiopure Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112464
Ghirga F, Bonamore A, Calisti L, D’Acquarica I, Mori M, Botta B, Boffi A, Macone A. Green Routes for the Production of Enantiopure Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(11):2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112464
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhirga, Francesca, Alessandra Bonamore, Lorenzo Calisti, Ilaria D’Acquarica, Mattia Mori, Bruno Botta, Alberto Boffi, and Alberto Macone. 2017. "Green Routes for the Production of Enantiopure Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 11: 2464. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112464