Review of Prospects of Biological Fluid Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Biomarkers for Cartilage, Bone and Synovium Metabolism
2.1. Markers of Cartilage Metabolism
2.2. Markers of Bone Metabolism
2.3. Markers of Synovium Metabolism
3. Inflammatory Markers
3.1. Bone-, Cartilage- and Synovium-Derived Markers
3.1.1. Cytokines
3.1.2. Chemokines and Growth Factors
3.1.3. Lipid Mediators
3.2. Markers Related to Other Tissues
3.2.1. Acute Phase Protein
3.2.2. Obesity-Associated Factors
3.2.3. Other Factors
4. Genetic Markers
5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Tissue Origination | Molecule Type Origination | Markers of Synthesis | Markers of Degradation | Sample Type | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cartilage | Type II collagen | PIICP 2 | SF | [11] | |
PIIANP 2 | S | [12,13,14,15,16] | |||
CTX-II 1,2,3,4 | U | [17,18,19,20,21,22] | |||
CTX-II 2 | SF | [23] | |||
C2C 3 | S | [24] | |||
C2C 2 | U, SF | [25,26] | |||
CIIM 2 | S | [27] | |||
HELIX-II 2 | U | [28] | |||
Coll 2-1 NO2 1 | S | [28,29] | |||
Type X collagen | C-Col10 2 | S | [30,31] | ||
Aggrecan | Epitope 846 2 | SF | [32] | ||
ARGS 2 | SF | [33,34] | |||
Non-collagenous and non-agrrecan proteins | COMP 2 | S | [35,36] | ||
Pentosidine 2 | S, SF | [37,38] | |||
FSTL1 2,3 | S, SF | [39] | |||
Fib3-1 2 | S | [40,41] | |||
Fib3-2 2 | S | [40] | |||
Proteolytic enzymes | MMP-3, -9 2 | S | [42] | ||
MMP-1, -13 2 | SF | [43,44] | |||
ADAMTS-4 2 | S | [45] | |||
Proteolytic enzyme inhibitors | TIMP-1, -2 2 | SF | [46] | ||
Bone | Type I collagen | PINP 2 | S | [47] | |
Non-collagenous protein | OC 2 | S | [47] | ||
MidOC 2 | U | [47] | |||
CTX-I 2 | U | [48] | |||
NTX-I 2 | U | ||||
Alpha-CTX-I 2 | U | [16,49] | |||
Beta-CTX-I 2 | U | [16] | |||
PYD 2,3 | U | [50] | |||
DPD 2,3 | U | [50] | |||
Synovium | Non-collagenous proteins | HA 1,2 | S | [38,51,52,53] | |
YKL-40 3 | S | [54] | |||
YKL-40 2 | SF | [54,55,56] | |||
Type III collagen | Glc-Gal-PYD 2 | U | [57,58] |
Tissue Origination | Classification of Inflammatory Markers | Biomarkers | Sample Type | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cartilage, bone, synovium-deprived markers | Cytokines | IL-1Ra 2 | S | [77] |
TNF-α 2 | S | [44,78] | ||
TNF-Rs 2 | S | [79] | ||
IL-6 2,3 | S | [80,81,82] | ||
IL-15 2 | S | [83] | ||
IL-18 2 | S | [84] | ||
IL-2, -4 2 | S | [85] | ||
Chemokines and growth factors | IL-8 2 | S, SF | [86,87] | |
VEGF 2 | S, SF | [43,88] | ||
Lipid mediators | PGE2 2 | S | [89] | |
15-HETE 2 | S | [89] | ||
Liver | Acute phase protein | CRP 1,2 | S | [90,91,92,93] |
CRPM | S | [94] | ||
Adipose tissue | Obesity-related inflammatory factors | Resistin 2 | S | [86] |
Leptin 3 | S | [80] | ||
Adioponectin 2 | S | [95] | ||
ApoA1 | S | [96] | ||
TC | S | [96] | ||
Macrophages | Cytokines | CCL3 2 | S | [86] |
CCL4 2 | S | [86] | ||
Neutrophils | Enzyme | CCL2 2 | SF | [97] |
MPO 1 | S | [29] |
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Nguyen, L.T.; Sharma, A.R.; Chakraborty, C.; Saibaba, B.; Ahn, M.-E.; Lee, S.-S. Review of Prospects of Biological Fluid Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030601
Nguyen LT, Sharma AR, Chakraborty C, Saibaba B, Ahn M-E, Lee S-S. Review of Prospects of Biological Fluid Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(3):601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030601
Chicago/Turabian StyleNguyen, Lich Thi, Ashish Ranjan Sharma, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Balaji Saibaba, Moo-Eob Ahn, and Sang-Soo Lee. 2017. "Review of Prospects of Biological Fluid Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 3: 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18030601