High Salt Tolerance of a Bradyrhizobium Strain and Its Promotion of the Growth of Stylosanthes guianensis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Variability of Salt Response in Bradyrhizobium Strains
2.2. Changes in Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Production in Response to Salt Stress
2.3. Responses of Osmoprotectants to Salt Stress
2.4. Identification of Salt-Stress-Responsive Proteins
2.5. Stylo Growth as Affected by Rhizobial Inoculation and Salt Stress
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Bradyrhizobium Strains and Growth Conditions
4.2. Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Determination
4.3. Detection of Osmoprotective Compounds
4.4. Identification of Salt-Stress-Responsive Proteins through 2-DE and MALDI-TOF/TOF MS Analysis
4.5. Analysis of Plant Nodulation and Symbiotic Performance under Salt Stress
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Strains | Replicates | NaCl (M) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.35 | 0.4 | 0.5 | ||
RJS9-2 | I | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | + | + |
II | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | − | |
III | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | +++ | + | − | |
IV | ++++ | ++++ | ++++ | +++ | +++ | ++ | + | |
BS1-1 | I | ++++ | + | + | − | − | − | − |
II | ++++ | + | − | + | − | − | − | |
III | ++++ | ++ | + | − | − | − | − | |
IV | ++++ | ++ | + | − | − | − | − | |
PN13-3 | I | ++++ | + | + | − | − | − | − |
II | ++++ | + | ++ | − | − | − | − | |
III | ++++ | + | + | − | − | − | − | |
IV | ++++ | ++ | + | − | − | − | − | |
LZ3-2 | I | ++++ | + | − | − | − | − | − |
II | ++++ | + | + | − | − | − | − | |
III | ++++ | + | − | − | − | − | − | |
IV | ++++ | + | + | − | − | − | − |
Spot Number a | Accession Number | Homology Protein | Species | Putative Function | kDa | pI | Score | Coverage (%) | Fold Change b |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Enhanced | |||||||||
1 | WP_006612358 | Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase | Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS 375 | Carbon metabolism | 15.40 | 6.66 | 89.4 | 43.92% | 6.26 ± 0.29 |
2 | WP_007615200 | Superoxide dismutase | Bradyrhizobium sp. WSM471 | Stress response | 22.63 | 7.02 | 230 | 68.18% | 4.79 ± 0.14 |
3 | WP_006609834 | ABC transporter | Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS 285 | Transporter | 30.81 | 10.01 | 73.7 | 43.10% | 4.99 ± 0.21 |
4 | WP_008542552 | DNA-binding response regulator | Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6 | Signal transduction | 26.65 | 5.94 | 138 | 42.92% | Induced |
Repressed | |||||||||
5 | WP_014491960 | Zinc protease | Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6 | Protein metabolism | 50.66 | 5.54 | 207 | 28.29% | 1.87 ± 0.18 |
6 | WP_014491960 | Zinc protease | Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6 | Protein metabolism | 50.66 | 5.54 | 222 | 28.73% | Supressed |
7 | WP_011087628 | Elongation factor Ts | Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens JCM 10833 | Protein metabolism | 32.17 | 6.54 | 111 | 43.65% | 2.88 ± 0.23 |
8 | WP_011926260 | 30S ribosomal protein S6 | Bradyrhizobium sp. ORS278 | Protein metabolism | 17.41 | 5.01 | 124 | 58.17% | 3.91 ± 0.18 |
9 | WP_011083272 | ATP synthase subunit beta | Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens JCM 10833 | Energy metabolism | 50.99 | 4.91 | 383 | 59.54% | 4.41 ± 0.21 |
10 | WP_007590612 | Enolase | Bradyrhizobium sp. WSM1253 | Energy metabolism | 45.36 | 4.84 | 271 | 34.19% | 1.77 ± 0.25 |
11 | WP_028155417 | β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase I | Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6 | Other metabolism | 42.82 | 6.17 | 79.5 | 24.07% | 1.54 ± 0.1 |
12 | WP_014496130 | Demethylmenaquinone methyltransferase | Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 6 | Other metabolism | 25.90 | 5.89 | 383 | 41.00% | 1.54 ± 0.14 |
13 | WP_011090572 | Branched-chain amino acid ABC transporter substrate-binding protein | Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens JCM 10833 | Transporter | 40.84 | 7.77 | 151 | 36.03% | 3.80 ± 0.00 |
14 | WP_011088132 | DNA-directed RNA polymerease subnit alpha | Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens JCM 10833 | Signal transduction | 38.03 | 4.63 | 306 | 44.61% | 1.82 ± 0.13 |
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Dong, R.; Zhang, J.; Huan, H.; Bai, C.; Chen, Z.; Liu, G. High Salt Tolerance of a Bradyrhizobium Strain and Its Promotion of the Growth of Stylosanthes guianensis. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081625
Dong R, Zhang J, Huan H, Bai C, Chen Z, Liu G. High Salt Tolerance of a Bradyrhizobium Strain and Its Promotion of the Growth of Stylosanthes guianensis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(8):1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081625
Chicago/Turabian StyleDong, Rongshu, Jie Zhang, Hengfu Huan, Changjun Bai, Zhijian Chen, and Guodao Liu. 2017. "High Salt Tolerance of a Bradyrhizobium Strain and Its Promotion of the Growth of Stylosanthes guianensis" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 8: 1625. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081625