Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 in Pathologies of Female Reproductive Diseases
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Fibrinolytic System and PAI-1 (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1)
3. Role of PAI-1 in the Female Reproduction System
3.1. PAI-1 Inhibits Trophoblast Invasion
3.2. Recurrent Pregnancy Losses
3.3. Preeclampsia
3.4. Intrauterine Growth Restriction
3.5. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
3.6. Endometriosis
3.7. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
PAI | plasminogen activator inhibitor |
tPA | tissue-type plasminogen activator |
uPA | urokinase-type plasminogen activator |
ECM | extra cellular matrix |
α2-PI | α2-plasmin inhibitor |
α2-MG | α2-macroglobulin |
RCL | reactive center loop |
LMW | low molecular weight |
HMW | high molecular weight |
PCI | protein C inhibitor |
uNK | uterine natural killer |
EVT | extravillous cytotrophoblast |
uPAR | uPA receptor |
LRP | low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein |
TIMP | tissue inhibitors of metalloprotease |
TNF-α | tumor necrosis factor α |
MMP | metalloproteinase |
Jak/-Stat | Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein |
NF-κB | nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells |
ACE | angiotensin I-converting enzyme |
IL-1β | interleukin 1β |
VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
EGF | epidermal growth factor |
FGF | fibroblast growth factor |
HIF | hypoxia-inducible transcription factors |
p38 MAPK | p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases |
PPAR-γ | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ |
RKIP | raf kinase inhibitor protein |
ESR | estrogen receptor |
PGR | progesterone receptor |
SI | sensitivity index |
BMI | body mass index |
HOMA | homeostasis model assessment |
CL | corpus luteum |
RPL | recurrent pregnancy losses |
IF | implantation failure |
IUGR | intrauterine growth restriction |
GDM | gestational diabetes mellitus |
PCOS | polycystic ovary syndrome |
MI | myocardial infarction |
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Ye, Y.; Vattai, A.; Zhang, X.; Zhu, J.; Thaler, C.J.; Mahner, S.; Jeschke, U.; Von Schönfeldt, V. Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 in Pathologies of Female Reproductive Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 1651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081651
Ye Y, Vattai A, Zhang X, Zhu J, Thaler CJ, Mahner S, Jeschke U, Von Schönfeldt V. Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 in Pathologies of Female Reproductive Diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(8):1651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081651
Chicago/Turabian StyleYe, Yao, Aurelia Vattai, Xi Zhang, Junyan Zhu, Christian J. Thaler, Sven Mahner, Udo Jeschke, and Viktoria Von Schönfeldt. 2017. "Role of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1 in Pathologies of Female Reproductive Diseases" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 8: 1651. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18081651