Progress in Optimization of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. Factors Influencing the Sorghum Transformation
1.2. Genotype
1.3. Sources of Explant
1.4. Agrobacterium Strains and Vectors
1.5. Agrobacterium Concentration
1.6. Marker Selection and Reporter Genes
1.7. In Vitro Culture Media Composition
1.8. Osmotic Treatment
1.9. Antioxidants
1.10. Antibiotics
1.11. Phenolic Compounds
1.12. Temperature
1.13. Conclusion and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Explants | Agrobacterium Strain | Vectors | Selection Marker | Promoter Used for Selection Marker | Reporter Gene | Promoter Used for Reporter Gene | Transgene Detection/Expression | Transformation Efficiency | Key Points/Studied Parameters | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Immature Embryo | LBA4404 | pSB1 pSB11 | bar | Ubi1 | gus | Ubi1 | Southern Blot | 2.1% | Study on protocol optimization and source of genotype. | Zhao et al. [19] |
Immature Embryo | EHA105 EHA101 AGL1 | pPZP200 | hbt | Ubi1, CaMV35S | gfp, gus | Hbt chimeric promoter with CaMV35S enhancer | PCR | Only a few events | Compare gfp and gus reporter genes by direct and indirect gene transfer methods. | Jeoung et al. [13] |
Immature Embryo | LBA4404 | pTOK233 | hpt | CaMV35S | gus | CaMV35S | PCR, Southern Blot | 1.7–3.5% | Media optimization by antioxidants and study transient gus expression. | Carvelho et al. [10] |
Immature Embryo | EHA101 | pPZP201 | pmi | Ubi1 | gfp | Ub1 | Southern Blot, Western Blot, CPR Assay, PCR | 2.8–3.3% | Study pmi gene as a selectable marker on mannose selective agent. | Gao et al. [20] |
Immature Embryo | NTL4 | pPZP212 | npt II | Ubi1 | gus | Ubi1 | Southern blot | 0.3–4.5% | Utilized standard binary vector with npt II gene as a selectable marker. | Howe et al. [22] |
Immature Embryo | LBA4404 | pCAMBIA1301 | hpt | CaMV35S | gus | CaMV35S | Southern Blot PCR | 5% | Apply cold-pre-treatment on explant, increase callus induction and reduced phenols. | Nguyen et al. [25] |
Immature Embryo | EHA101 LBA4404 | pPZP201 | pmi | Ubi1 | gfp | Ubi1 | PCR, Western Blot | 8.3% | Treatment to immature embryos at 43°C, with various time frames. | Gurel et al. [6] |
Immature Inflorescence | EHA105 | pKUB | hpt | Ubi1 | gus | CaMV35S | RT-PCR, Southern Blot, Western Blot | 1.9% | Incorporation of insecticidal cry1Ab gene. | Zhang et al. [58] |
Immature Embryo | EHA105, EHA101, LBA4404 | pMKURF2, pCAMBIAG11 pCAMBIARC7 | hpt | Ubi1 | gus | Ubi1 | Western blot | 1.6–2.7% | Study of pathogen resistance, chitinase. | Arulselvi et al. [59] |
Mature Embryo, Young Seedling, Immature Inflorescence | LBA4404 | pKU352NA | hpt | Ubi1 | SgfpS65T, | Ubi1 | Inverse PCR | 4.28% | Improved gfp and Ac-Ds system. | Jambagi et al. [23] |
Immature Embryo | NTL4 | pCAMBIA1305.2 pCAM-UBIgus | hpt | Ubi1 | gus | Ubi1 | PCR, Southern Blot | 2.4% | Study the effect of L-cystine and inclusion of additional binary vector. | Kumar et al. [38] |
Shoot Apices | EHA105 | pCAMBIA1305 | gus | CaMV35S | Histochemical gus assay | Few transient event | Effect of cysteine on gus activity. | Pandey et al. [41] | ||
Shoot Apices | LBA4404 | pCAMBIA1305.1 | hpt | CaMV35S | gus | CaMV35S | PCR, Southern Blot | 1.2–3.9% | Insect resistance, cry1gene | Ignacimuthu and Premkumar [60] |
Immature Embryo | LBA4404 AGL1 | pSB1 pSB11 | pmi | Ubi1 | DsRed | Ubi1 | QPCR | 10% by LBA4404 & 33% by AGL1 | Effect of CuSO4 and BAP in resting and selection media. | Wu et al. [40] |
Immature Embryo | AGL1 EHA101 GV3101 | pZY102, pFGC5941 pFGC161 | bar | MAS, ZmUbi1 | gus | CaMV35S | PCR Southern blot | 14% | Study standard binary vector and bar gene as a selectable marker. | Do et al. [39] |
Mature Embryo | EHA105 | pCAMBIA1305.1 pCUbi1390 | hph | Ubi1 | gfp | CaMV35S | PCR, Western Blot | 4% | Piercing the mature seeds excluding the tissue culture process | Li et al. [50] |
Immature Embryo | EHA105 | pHP78891 | Ubi1 | gfp | Ubi1 | PCR, Southern Blot | 6.2% | Study of morphogenic regulator, BABY BOOM, WUSCHEL2 | Mookkan et al. [61] | |
Gene Transformation Through Biolistic Approach | ||||||||||
Immature Embryo | biolistic | pBCI pNGI | hpt | Adh1 | gus | Adh1 | Gus Assay, RNA gel blot analysis | Observe transient events | Study of hygromycine and kanamycine resistance gene. | Hagio et al. 1991 [62] |
Immature Embryo | biolistic | pPHP620 pPHP687 | bar | D-CaMV35S | gus | D- CaMV35S | Southern Blot Gus assay | 0.08% | Introduction of the bar gene. | Casas et al. 1993 [37] |
Immature Embryo | biolistic | bar | Southern Blot, Western Blot, PCR | 0.09% | Introduction of chitinase G11 gene. | Zhu et al. [8] | ||||
Immature Embryo, Leaf Segment | biolistic | pAHC20 | bar | Ubi1, Actin, CaMV35S | gfp | Ubi1 Actin CaMV35S | Southern Blot | 1% | Comparison of promoters and optimizing of PIG parameters. | Able et al. 2001 [63] |
Immature Embryo | biolistic | pAHC20 pAct1-D | bar | Ubi1 | gus | Actin | Southern Blot | 0.18% | Methylation based Silencing of Act1-D | Emani et al. 2002 [64] |
Immature Embryo, Mature Embryo, Shoot Tips | biolistic | pAct1-D pAHC25 | bar, neo, hpt | Ubi1, Adh1, CaMV35S, ActD | gus | Ubi1, Adh1 CaMV35S Act1D | Southern Blot, Gus Assay, PCR | Few events | Tested physical parameters along with different promoters | Tadesse et al. [65] |
Immature Embryo | biolistic | pPH1687 | hpt, npt II | Ubi1 | luc | Ubi1 | Southern Blot | 0.09% | Optimizing tissue culture parameters | Raghuwanshi and Birch [66] |
Immature Embryo | biolistic | pAHC25 pNOV3604 | bar, pmi | Ubi1 | gus | Ubi1 | PCR, Southern Blot | 0.77% | Study the bar and pmi as selectable marker efficiency. | Grootboom et al. 2010 [67] |
Immature Embryo | biolistic | pUKN pGEM-Ubi-gfp | npt II | Ubi1 | gfp | Ubi1 | PCR, Southern Blot | 20.7% | Study the impact of Co bombardment of npt II and gfp, CuSO4 | Liu and Godwin [68] |
Nutrient Media | Antioxidant | Osmotic Element/Energy Element | Growth Regulators | Vitamins | Anti-Phenolic | Antibiotics to Eliminate Agrobacterium | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MS | ascorbic acid, coconut water | sucrose, glucose | BAP, MES, proline, 2,4-D, IBA, IAA, zeatine, ABA, NAA, thidiazuron | MS vitamin stock (nicotinic acid, pyridoxin HCl, thiamine HCl) | PVP | carbencilline | Zhao et al. [19] |
I6 | glucose | 2,4-D | I6 based vitamin | cefotaxime | Jeoung et al. [13] | ||
MS | DTT | sucrose, glucose | MES, 2,4-D, proline, asparagine, kinetine, IAA | vitamin B5 | PVP, PVPP | cefotaxime, carbencilline, timentin | Carvelho et al. [10] |
MS | ascorbic acid | sucrose, glucose | MES, proline, 2,4-D, IBA, IAA | MS vitamin stock (nicotinic acid, pyridoxin HCl, thiamine HCl) | PVP | carbencilline | Gao et al. [20] |
MS | sucrose, glucose | kinetin, MES, proline, IAA, 2,4-D, | MS vitamin stock | carbencilline | Howe et al. [22] | ||
MS | AC | sucrose | CH, 2,4-D, IAA, zeatine, proline | MS vitamin B5 | AC | carbencilline | Nguyen et al. [25] |
MS | ascorbic acid | sucrose, glucose | kinetine, IAA, NAA | MS vitamin stock | PVP | carbencilline | Gurel et al. [6] |
MS,N6 | sucrose | 2,4-D, casamino acid, 6-BA, NAA, sorbitol | MS vitamin stock | cefotaxime | Zhang et al. [58] | ||
I6 | 2,4-D, proline, auxin | MS vitamin stock | cefotaxime | Arulselvi et al. [59] | |||
MS | BAP, 2,4-D | MS vitamin stock | cefotaxime | Jambagi et al. [23] | |||
MS | L-cystine | sucrose, glucose | asparagine, kinetine, NAA, 2,4-D, proline, IBA | vitamin B5 | cefotaxime, carbencilline | Kumar et al. [38] | |
MS | L-cystine | MS vitamin stock | L-cystine | timentin | Pandey et al. [41] | ||
MS | ascorbic acid | sucrose, glucose | proline, 2,4-D, MES, CH, zeatine, IAA, IBA | MS vitamin stock | carbencilline | Wu et al. [40] | |
MS | sucrose | CH,proline,2,4-D, kinetine, BAP | MS vitamin stock | cefotaxime | Ignacimuthu and Premkumar [60] | ||
MS | ascorbic acid | sucrose, glucose | 2,4-D, proline, MES, BAP, IAA, IBA | vitamin B5 | PVP | cefotaxime | Do et al. [39] |
MS | ascorbic acid coconut water | sucrose, glucose | proline, MES, zeatine, IAA, IBA, aspargine, kinetine | vitamin B5 | PVPP | carbencilline, timentin | Mookkan et al. [61] |
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Ahmed, R.I.; Ding, A.; Xie, M.; Kong, Y. Progress in Optimization of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102983
Ahmed RI, Ding A, Xie M, Kong Y. Progress in Optimization of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(10):2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102983
Chicago/Turabian StyleAhmed, Rana Imtiaz, Anming Ding, Minmin Xie, and Yingzhen Kong. 2018. "Progress in Optimization of Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation in Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10: 2983. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102983