QTL Mapping Reveals the Relationship between Pasting Properties and Malt Extract in Barley
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Pasting Properties for Parents and DH Lines
2.2. QTL Analysis for Pasting Properties
2.3. Correlations Between Pasting Properties and Malt Extract
3. Discussion
3.1. Multi-Environments Are Crucial for Determination of Flour Quality
3.2. Flour Pasting Properties Showed Close Relationship with Malt Extract
3.3. QTL for Malt Extract Are Associated with Flour Pasting Properties
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials and Field Experiments
4.2. Measurement of Pasting Properties
4.3. Micro-Malting and Malt Extract Analysis
4.4. Map Construction
4.5. QTL Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Trait | Environment | TX9425 | Naso Nijo | DH | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean ± SD | Range | ||||
PV | HZ07 | 4100 | 4441 | 4429 ± 297 | 3520–5039 |
HZ10 | 4590 | 4854 | 4533 ± 233 | 3793–5139 | |
YC07 | 4432 | 4492 | 4362 ± 162 | 3675–4844 | |
YC10 | 4158 | 4347 | 4241 ± 189 | 3723–4703 | |
TR | HZ07 | 2095 | 2294 | 2230 ± 183 | 1551–2579 |
HZ10 | 2150 | 2268 | 2107 ± 151 | 1514–2451.5 | |
YC07 | 2064 | 2164 | 2032 ± 102 | 1659–2325 | |
YC10 | 1962 | 2025 | 1969 ± 126 | 1548–2270 | |
BD | HZ07 | 2005 | 2147 | 2220 ± 188 | 1781–2737 |
HZ10 | 2439 | 2505 | 2426 ± 170 | 2079–2924 | |
YC07 | 2160 | 2187 | 2332 ± 82 | 2145–2519 | |
YC10 | 2195 | 2322 | 2271 ± 93 | 2037–2523 | |
FV | HZ07 | 3737 | 4005 | 3904 ± 269 | 2895–4444 |
HZ10 | 3718 | 3811 | 3627 ± 229 | 2691–4039 | |
YC07 | 4327 | 4063 | 4014 ± 158 | 3517–4535 | |
YC10 | 3846 | 3635 | 3577 ± 175 | 2944–4000 | |
SB | HZ07 | 1657 | 1659 | 1677 ± 117 | 1256–2016 |
HZ10 | 1539 | 1572 | 1518 ± 93 | 1177–1717 | |
YC07 | 1946 | 2216 | 1986 ± 124 | 1646–2522 | |
YC10 | 1745 | 1749 | 1599 ± 101 | 1341–1927 | |
TTPV | HZ07 | 6.02 | 5.98 | 5.95 ± 0.08 | 5.70–6.13 |
HZ10 | 5.92 | 5.92 | 5.95 ± 0.08 | 5.73–6.13 | |
YC07 | 6.03 | 6.03 | 6.05 ± 0.06 | 5.90–6.20 | |
YC10 | 6.03 | 5.93 | 5.92 ± 0.09 | 5.73–6.13 | |
PT | HZ07 | 79.74 | 77.22 | 77.52 ± 1.03 | 75.40–82.73 |
HZ10 | 77.04 | 76.42 | 76.81 ± 0.88 | 75.00–79.15 | |
YC07 | 76.91 | 75.47 | 76.37 ± 0.84 | 68.00–78.70 | |
YC10 | 76.83 | 76.30 | 76.17 ± 0.66 | 74.65–77.90 |
Source of Variation | PV | TR | BD | FV | SB | TTPV | PT |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Block | 13.89 ** | 29.56 ** | 49.28 ** | 45.65 ** | 5.49 ** | 0.67 | 0.08 |
Genotype (G) | 9.8 ** | 9.25 ** | 3.01 ** | 16.04 ** | 6.52 ** | 3.05 ** | 2.78 ** |
Location (L) | 111.39 ** | 953.08 ** | 3.60 | 3321.46 ** | 1768.62 ** | 113.41 ** | 1.98 |
Year (Y) | 2.25 | 303.93 ** | 105.67 ** | 21.55 ** | 3296.92 ** | 224.2 ** | 362.96 ** |
Y × L | 34.78 ** | 37.04 ** | 371.52 ** | 197.0 ** | 637.9 ** | 203.32 ** | 112.0 ** |
G × Y | 1.15 | 1.15 | 1.54 ** | 1.29 * | 0.93 | 1.59 ** | 1.34 ** |
G × L | 1.22 | 1.97 ** | 2.14 ** | 3.62 ** | 2.58 ** | 1.92 * | 1.40 ** |
G × L × Y | 0.96 | 1.24 * | 1.72 ** | 1.57 ** | 1.39 ** | 1.05 | 1.36 ** |
Trait | Linkage Group | QTL Name | Nearest Marker | Position (cM) * | LOD | R2 (%) | Additive Effect | Source of Positive Effect | Malt Extract as Covariate | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LOD | R2 (%) | |||||||||
PV | 2H | QPv.NaTx-2H | 7213364S2 | 43.9 | 6.39 | 15.2 | 69.8 | NN | ns | ns |
5H | QPv.NaTx-5H | 100000433D5 | 163.9 | 3.76 | 8.5 | 64.5 | TX | ns | ns | |
1H | QPv.NaTx-1H | 4170979D1 | 65.7 | 3.29 | 7.4 | 49.8 | TX | ns | ns | |
TR | 2H | QTr.NaTx-2H | 3267579D2 | 55.6 | 8.69 | 21.3 | −59.6 | NN | 4.36 | 12.2 |
5H | QTr.NaTx-5H | 100000433D5 | 163.9 | 4.51 | 10.3 | 50.5 | TX | ns | ns | |
7H | QTr.NaTx-7H | 3262448D7 | 140.4 | 3.28 | 7.4 | −34.0 | TX | ns | ns | |
BD | 2H | QBd.NaTx-2H | 9772745S2 | 10.9 | 6.92 | 19.5 | 42.5 | NN | ns | ns |
FV | 2H | QFv.NaTx-2H | 3267579D2 | 55.6 | 7.49 | 18.4 | −85.7 | NN | 3.98 | 11.5 |
7H | QFv.NaTx-7H | 3262448D7 | 140.4 | 4.12 | 9.6 | −59.9 | TX | 3.14 | 8.9 | |
5H | QFv.NaTx-5H | 100000433D5 | 163.9 | 3.85 | 8.9 | 72.4 | TX | ns | ns | |
SB | 1H | QSb.NaTx-1H | 3261249S1 | 47.5 | 8.26 | 19.2 | 38.2 | NN | 6.28 | 17.9 |
2H | QSb.NaTx-2H | 3986974D2 | 40.8 | 4.89 | 10.8 | −30.2 | NN | 3.05 | 9.1 | |
7H | QSb.NaTx-7H | 3262448D7 | 140.4 | 3.37 | 7.3 | −23.9 | TX | ns | ns | |
TTPV | 2H | QTtpv.NaTx-2H | 3432484D2 | 18.9 | 4.76 | 11.8 | 0.017 | TX | 2.96 | 8.0 |
7H | QTtpv.NaTx-7H | 3269237D7 | 140.9 | 3.75 | 9.2 | 0.015 | TX | 5.11 | 13.4 | |
PT | 2H | QPt.NaTx-2H | 6429430S2 | 26.2 | 8.83 | 23.2 | 0.27 | TX | 5.17 | 13.8 |
1H | QPt.NaTx-1H | Bmag0347 | 74.1 | 2.92 | 7.0 | −0.15 | TX | ns | ns | |
ME | 2H | QMe.NaTx-2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 25.02 | 53.9 | −0.82 | NN |
PV | TR | BD | FV | SB | TTPV | PT | ME | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PV | 1.00 | |||||||
TR | 0.84 ** | 1.00 | ||||||
BD | 0.74 ** | 0.26 ** | 1.00 | |||||
FV | 0.78 ** | 0.93 ** | 0.22 ** | 1.00 | ||||
SB | 0.51 ** | 0.62 ** | 0.12 | 0.86 ** | 1.00 | |||
TTPV | 0.10 | 0.34 ** | −0.25 ** | 0.34 ** | 0.27 ** | 1.00 | ||
PT | −0.40 ** | −0.36 ** | −0.27 ** | −0.43 ** | −0.43 ** | 0.33 ** | 1.00 | |
ME | 0.42 ** | 0.21 * | 0.50 ** | 0.13 | 0.00 | −0.31 ** | −0.28 ** | 1.00 |
Trait-Covariate | Chromosome | Nearest Marker | Position (cM) | LOD | R2 (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ME | 2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 25.02 | 53.9 |
ME-PV | 2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 24.8 | 46.6 |
ME-TR | 2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 27.0 | 55.1 |
ME-BD | 2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 19.0 | 34.2 |
ME-FV | 2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 26.1 | 54.9 |
ME-SB | 2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 24.7 | 53.7 |
ME-TTPV | 2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 21.7 | 44.9 |
ME-PT | 2H | 3433862D2 | 15.4 | 25.6 | 53.2 |
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Wang, J.; Yang, J.; Hua, W.; Wu, X.; Zhu, J.; Shang, Y.; Zhou, M. QTL Mapping Reveals the Relationship between Pasting Properties and Malt Extract in Barley. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3559. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113559
Wang J, Yang J, Hua W, Wu X, Zhu J, Shang Y, Zhou M. QTL Mapping Reveals the Relationship between Pasting Properties and Malt Extract in Barley. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(11):3559. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113559
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Junmei, Jianming Yang, Wei Hua, Xiaojian Wu, Jinghuan Zhu, Yi Shang, and Meixue Zhou. 2018. "QTL Mapping Reveals the Relationship between Pasting Properties and Malt Extract in Barley" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11: 3559. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113559