Next Article in Journal
Genetic and Epigenetic Modifiers of Alcoholic Liver Disease
Next Article in Special Issue
Role of Nephronectin in Pathophysiology of Silicosis
Previous Article in Journal
Radiation-Induced Reactions in the Liver—Modulation of Radiation Effects by Lifestyle-Related Factors—
Previous Article in Special Issue
Monocytes and Macrophages as Viral Targets and Reservoirs
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
IJMS
Volume 19
Issue 12
10.3390/ijms19123856
ijms-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Review

Innate Immunity Cells and the Neurovascular Unit

by
Ivan Presta
1,
Marco Flavio Michele Vismara
2,
Fabiana Novellino
3,
Annalidia Donato
4,
Paolo Zaffino
5,
Elisabetta Scali
1,
Krizia Caterina Pirrone
1,
Maria Francesca Spadea
5,
Natalia Malara
5 and
Giuseppe Donato
1,*
1
Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2
Department of Cell Biotechnologies and Hematology, University “La Sapienza” of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
3
Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
4
Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
5
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(12), 3856; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123856
Submission received: 21 September 2018 / Revised: 26 November 2018 / Accepted: 30 November 2018 / Published: 3 December 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Macrophages in Inflammation)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

Recent studies have clarified many still unknown aspects related to innate immunity and the blood-brain barrier relationship. They have also confirmed the close links between effector immune system cells, such as granulocytes, macrophages, microglia, natural killer cells and mast cells, and barrier functionality. The latter, in turn, is able to influence not only the entry of the cells of the immune system into the nervous tissue, but also their own activation. Interestingly, these two components and their interactions play a role of great importance not only in infectious diseases, but in almost all the pathologies of the central nervous system. In this paper, we review the main aspects in the field of vascular diseases (cerebral ischemia), of primitive and secondary neoplasms of Central Nervous System CNS, of CNS infectious diseases, of most common neurodegenerative diseases, in epilepsy and in demyelinating diseases (multiple sclerosis). Neuroinflammation phenomena are constantly present in all diseases; in every different pathological state, a variety of innate immunity cells responds to specific stimuli, differentiating their action, which can influence the blood-brain barrier permeability. This, in turn, undergoes anatomical and functional modifications, allowing the stabilization or the progression of the pathological processes.
Keywords: blood-brain barrier; innate immunity; macrophage polarization; inflammation; brain tumors; neurodegeneration; Alzheimer disease; Parkinson’s disease; multiple sclerosis blood-brain barrier; innate immunity; macrophage polarization; inflammation; brain tumors; neurodegeneration; Alzheimer disease; Parkinson’s disease; multiple sclerosis
Graphical Abstract

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Presta, I.; Vismara, M.F.M.; Novellino, F.; Donato, A.; Zaffino, P.; Scali, E.; Pirrone, K.C.; Spadea, M.F.; Malara, N.; Donato, G. Innate Immunity Cells and the Neurovascular Unit. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123856

AMA Style

Presta I, Vismara MFM, Novellino F, Donato A, Zaffino P, Scali E, Pirrone KC, Spadea MF, Malara N, Donato G. Innate Immunity Cells and the Neurovascular Unit. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(12):3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123856

Chicago/Turabian Style

Presta, Ivan, Marco Flavio Michele Vismara, Fabiana Novellino, Annalidia Donato, Paolo Zaffino, Elisabetta Scali, Krizia Caterina Pirrone, Maria Francesca Spadea, Natalia Malara, and Giuseppe Donato. 2018. "Innate Immunity Cells and the Neurovascular Unit" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 12: 3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123856

APA Style

Presta, I., Vismara, M. F. M., Novellino, F., Donato, A., Zaffino, P., Scali, E., Pirrone, K. C., Spadea, M. F., Malara, N., & Donato, G. (2018). Innate Immunity Cells and the Neurovascular Unit. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(12), 3856. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19123856

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop