Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Alters Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress in Ht29 Colon Cancer Cells: Preliminary Findings
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Metformin Suppresses the Proliferation of HT29 Cells in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner
2.2. Metformin Alters NRF-2 and NF-κB Expression in HT29 Cells in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner
2.3. Flow Cytometry Analysis Demonstrates That Metformin Exerts an Inhibitory Effect on HT29 Cells Survival
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Culture
4.2. Cell Counting
4.3. Western Blot Analysis
4.4. Evaluation of Immunofluorescence by Confocal Microscopy
4.5. Flow Cytometry Analysis
4.6. Statistical Analysis
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Proteins | IFIS (Mean ± SD)-24 h | IFIS (mean ± SD)-48 h | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CTRL | 10 mM | 25 mM | 50 mM | CTRL | 10 mM | 25 mM | 50 mM | |
PARP-1 | 20.0 ± 4.3 | 47.0 ± 11.0 | 63.0 ± 9.8 | 76.0 ± 15.0 | 23.0 ± 12.0 | 55.0 ± 6.7 | 74.0 ± 13.0 | 89.0 ± 22.0 |
Caspase-3 | 36.0 ± 9.5 | 49.0 ± 23.0 | 69.0 ± 15.0 | 91.0 ± 7.4 | 32.0 ± 5.7 | 64.0 ± 17.0 | 97.0 ± 20.0 | 101.0 ± 29.0 |
APAF-1 | 31.0 ± 7.5 | 54.0 ± 3.9 | 66.0 ± 19.0 | 85.0 ± 9.5 | 27.0 ± 7.0 | 72.0 ± 17.0 | 72.0 ± 17.0 | 93.0 ± 12.0 |
MAP-LC3 | 26.0 ±4.7 | 45.0 ± 7.2 | 71.0 ± 7.6 | 93.0 ± 15.0 | 28.0 ± 8.3 | 57.0 ± 6.3 | 84.0 ± 5.4 | 103.0 ± 32.0 |
NRF-2 | 55.0 ± 7.2 | 43.0 ± 6.3 | 31.0 ± 4.8 | 19.0 ± 3.7 | 63.0 ± 12.0 | 47.0 ± 5.4 | 30.0 ± 7.5 | 23.0 ± 3.0 |
NF-κB | 60.0 ± 9.5 | 54.0 ± 8.3 | 47.0 ± 15.0 | 32.0 ± 7.4 | 67.0 ± 5.7 | 50.0 ± 17.0 | 33.0 ± 2.0 | 25.0 ± 2.9 |
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Sena, P.; Mancini, S.; Benincasa, M.; Mariani, F.; Palumbo, C.; Roncucci, L. Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Alters Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress in Ht29 Colon Cancer Cells: Preliminary Findings. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051478
Sena P, Mancini S, Benincasa M, Mariani F, Palumbo C, Roncucci L. Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Alters Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress in Ht29 Colon Cancer Cells: Preliminary Findings. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(5):1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051478
Chicago/Turabian StyleSena, Paola, Stefano Mancini, Marta Benincasa, Francesco Mariani, Carla Palumbo, and Luca Roncucci. 2018. "Metformin Induces Apoptosis and Alters Cellular Responses to Oxidative Stress in Ht29 Colon Cancer Cells: Preliminary Findings" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 5: 1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19051478