Protective Effects of 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside on Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis Mouse Model
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Effects of TSG on Body Weight of Ovariectomized (OVX) Mice
2.2. Effect of TSG on Organ (Uterus, Spleen, and Thymus) Weight in OVX Mice
2.3. Effect of TSG on Bone Weight and Length in OVX Mice
2.4. Effect of TSG on Serum Biochemical Markers (Calcium (Ca), Inorganic Phosphorus (IP), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), and Total Cholesterol (TCHO)) in OVX Mice
2.5. Effect of TSG on Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) and Bone Specific Alkaline Phosphatase (BALP) in OVX Mice
2.6. Effect of TSG on Bone Structure Using Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT) in OVX Mice
2.7. Effect of TSG on Histology of Bones and Uteri of OVX Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Reagents
4.2. Osteoporosis Mice Model and Experimental Treatments
4.3. Analyses of Serum Ca, IP, ALP, and TCHO
4.4. Analyses of Serum Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) and BALP
4.5. Measurement of Bone Structure Using Micro-Computed Tomography (CT)
4.6. Bone and Uterus Histological Analysis
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SHAM | OVX | E2 | TSG1 | TSG3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thymus weight (mg/g BW) | 0.97 ± 0.27 a | 1.2 ± 0.03 b | 0.95 ± 0.08 a | 1.01 ±0.09 a | 1.07 ± 0.07 a,b |
Spleen Weight (mg/g BW) | 3.27 ± 0.11 c,d | 3.29 ± 0.16 d | 2.79 ± 0.12 a | 2.93 ± 0.13 a,b | 3.08 ±0.28 b,c |
Length (mm) | Weight (mg) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Tibia | Femur | Tibia | Femur | |
SHAM | 16.6 ± 0.33 b | 1.94 ± 0.75 a,b | 55.46 ± 4.79 b,c | 44.9 ± 2.87 b,c |
OVX | 15.98 ± 0.27 a | 19.05 ± 0.37 a | 45 ± 2.70 a | 40.7 ± 1.70 a |
E2 | 17.08 ± 0.25 c | 19.8 ± 0.59 b | 59.24 ± 1.76 c,d | 46.62 ± 0.62 c |
TSG1 | 16.52 ± 0.18 b | 19.33 ± 0.2 a,b | 54.8 ± 2.11 b | 43.1 ± 1.59 a,b |
TSG2 | 16.52 ± 0.13 b | 19.28 ± 0.18 a,b | 5.98 ± 2.33 d | 44.08 ± 1.64 b,c |
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Kim, S.-J.; Hwang, Y.-H.; Mun, S.-K.; Hong, S.-G.; Kim, K.-J.; Kang, K.-Y.; Son, Y.-J.; Yee, S.-T. Protective Effects of 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside on Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis Mouse Model. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092554
Kim S-J, Hwang Y-H, Mun S-K, Hong S-G, Kim K-J, Kang K-Y, Son Y-J, Yee S-T. Protective Effects of 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside on Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis Mouse Model. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(9):2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092554
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Su-Jin, Yun-Ho Hwang, Seul-Ki Mun, Seong-Gyeol Hong, Kwang-Jin Kim, Kyung-Yun Kang, Young-Jin Son, and Sung-Tae Yee. 2018. "Protective Effects of 2,3,5,4′-Tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside on Ovariectomy Induced Osteoporosis Mouse Model" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9: 2554. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092554