Expression of the OAS Gene Family Is Highly Modulated in Subjects Affected by Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Resembling an Immune Response to a dsRNA Virus Infection
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. High Expression Levels of the OAS Gene Family in MBx of JDM Patients
2.2. The Network of OAS Genes and Their Possible Roles in JDM
2.3. dsRNA Genes Expression Profiles Overlap with Transcriptome of JDM MBx
2.4. The Innate Immunity Genes Markers Are Modulated in JDM Patients’ Biopsies
2.5. Adaptive Immunity Seems to Be Involved in JDM
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Microarray Selection
4.2. Functional Enrichment Analysis
4.3. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
OAS2 | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 2 |
OAS1 | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 |
OAS3 | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 3 |
OASL | 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase-like |
dsRNA | double-stranded RNA |
IPS1 | also known as VISA: IFN-β-promoter stimulator 1 |
MDA5 | melanoma differentiation associated protein 5 |
MS | multiple sclerosis |
RIG-I | retinoic acid-inducible gene I |
RA | rheumatoid arthritis |
MBx | skeletal muscle biopsies |
SLE | systemic lupus erythematosus |
Sc | systemic sclerosis |
TBK1/IKKE | TANK-binding kinase |
TRIF | TLR adaptor molecule 1 |
TLR3 | Toll-like receptor 3 |
IRF3 | transcription factor IFN regulatory factor 3 |
TRAF3 | tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 |
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Musumeci, G.; Castrogiovanni, P.; Barbagallo, I.; Tibullo, D.; Sanfilippo, C.; Nunnari, G.; Pellicanò, G.F.; Pavone, P.; Caltabiano, R.; Di Marco, R.; et al. Expression of the OAS Gene Family Is Highly Modulated in Subjects Affected by Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Resembling an Immune Response to a dsRNA Virus Infection. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092786
Musumeci G, Castrogiovanni P, Barbagallo I, Tibullo D, Sanfilippo C, Nunnari G, Pellicanò GF, Pavone P, Caltabiano R, Di Marco R, et al. Expression of the OAS Gene Family Is Highly Modulated in Subjects Affected by Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Resembling an Immune Response to a dsRNA Virus Infection. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(9):2786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092786
Chicago/Turabian StyleMusumeci, Giuseppe, Paola Castrogiovanni, Ignazio Barbagallo, Daniele Tibullo, Cristina Sanfilippo, Giuseppe Nunnari, Giovanni Francesco Pellicanò, Piero Pavone, Rosario Caltabiano, Roberto Di Marco, and et al. 2018. "Expression of the OAS Gene Family Is Highly Modulated in Subjects Affected by Juvenile Dermatomyositis, Resembling an Immune Response to a dsRNA Virus Infection" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9: 2786. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092786