The Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbiota in Muc2 Deficient Mice
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Histopathology of the Muc2 Mouse Models
2.2. Cytokines Abundances in the Muc2 Mouse Colonic Epithelial Cells
2.3. Dynamic Changes of the Diversity Index in Muc2 Mouse Models
2.4. Clustering of Bacterial Communities in Muc2−/− Mice
2.5. Changes of Gut Microbiota at Various Levels in Muc2 Mice
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Mouse Models, Fecal Samples Collection, and Histopathology
4.2. The Analysis of Cytokines in Colonic Epithelial Cells by Quantitative RT-PCR
4.3. High-throughput Sequencing and Bioinformatics Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analysis
4.5. Ethics Statement
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Relative Abundance (%) | Genus | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Roseburia (×10−2) | Butyricimonas (×10−2) | Coprococcus (×10−2) | Clostridium (×10−2) | Ruminococcus | Eubacterium | Total | ||
D48 | WT | 5.5 ± 1.12 | 1.9 ± 0.35 | 0.5 ± 0.14 | 0 | 0.83 ± 0.13 | 0.54 ± 0.27 | 1.45 ± 0.031 |
KO | 85.3 ± 19.80 | 5.3 ± 1.33 | 8.8 ± 0.97 | 30.3 ± 0.22 | 3.23 ± 0.57 | 2.97 ± 1.17 | 7.50 ± 1.39 * | |
D98 | WT | 50.4 ± 9.79 | 0.5 ± 0.08 | 6.7 ± 0.91 | 0 | 0.090 ± 0.031 | 0.14 ± 0.092 | 0.77 ± 0.15 |
KO | 216.8 ± 3.72 | 9.8 ± 2.22 | 43 ± 3.59 | 52.8 ± 1.51 | 3.30 ± 0.98 | 4.12 ± 1.34 | 10.65 ± 1.36 * | |
D118 | WT | 38.1 ± 7.33 | 0 | 4.1 ± 0.72 | 0 | 0.01 ± 0.008 | 0.14 ± 0.014 | 0.57 ± 0.14 |
KO | 58.3 ± 12.08 | 7.9 ± 1.71 | 13 ± 3.34 | 3.8 ± 0.79 | 3.06 ± 0.82 | 3.70 ± 0.67 | 7.58 ± 1.28 * | |
D138 | WT | 202.9 ± 30.85 | 0 | 6.7 ± 1.47 | 0 | 0.02 ± 0.0056 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | 2.93 ± 0.44 |
KO | 24.2 ± 3.91 | 4.5 ± 0.88 | 12 ± 2.58 | 1.9 ± 0.19 | 3.30 ± 0.74 | 1.12 ± 0.47 | 4.85 ± 0.97 * | |
D178 | WT | 33.3 ± 2.82 | 0 | 4.0 ± 0.81 | 0 | 0.02 ± 0.0069 | 0.17 ± 0.07 | 0.55 ± 0.058 |
KO | 51.2 ± 11.40 | 4.1 ± 0.76 | 7.2 ± 0.2 | 0.9 ± 0.00 | 5.89 ± 0.93 | 1.52 ± 0.81 | 8.04 ± 1.34 * |
Relative Abundance (%) | Genus | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Akkermansia (×10−3) [23,24] | Desulfovibrio (×10−3) [12,14] | Enterococcus (×10−24) [13,25] | Escherichia (×10−4) [9,14,26] | Turicibacter (×10−2) [27] | ||
D48 | WT | 0 | 0.47 ± 0.35 | 4.7 ± 1.42 | 100.1 ± 61.3 * | 0.38 ± 0.06 |
KO | 0 | 8.0 ± 1.91 * | 3.5 ± 0.27 | 0 | 12.4 ± 5.21 * | |
D98 | WT | 0 | 0.12 ± 0.09 | 1.2 ± 0.89 | 0.3 ± 0.18 | 0 |
KO | 0.95 ± 0.37 * | 13.2 ± 5.7 * | 5.2 ± 3.59 | 15.4 ± 0.011 * | 5.7 ± 0.98 * | |
D118 | WT | 0 | 7.1 ± 3.28 | 5.2 ± 3.66 | 1.4 ± 0.98 | 0 |
KO | 5.2 ± 0.13 * | 14.8 ± 2.1 * | 1.7 ± 1.26 | 18.0 ± 7.88 * | 7.8 ± 5.26 * | |
D138 | WT | 0 | 8.4 ± 3.60 | 6.9 ± 3.47 | 2.9 ± 1.47 | 0 |
KO | 3.5 ± 0.39 * | 14 ± 2.47 * | 1.8 ± 1.55 | 3.4 ± 2.51 | 0.7 ± 0.28 * | |
D178 | WT | 0 | 6.7 ± 2.06 | 1.9 ± 0.81 | 6.6 ± 3.58 | 0 |
KO | 0.95 ± 0.11 * | 11.3 ± 0.81 * | 1.5 ± 0.19 | 1.7 ± 1.30 | 2.2 ± 0.92 * |
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Wu, M.; Wu, Y.; Li, J.; Bao, Y.; Guo, Y.; Yang, W. The Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbiota in Muc2 Deficient Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092809
Wu M, Wu Y, Li J, Bao Y, Guo Y, Yang W. The Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbiota in Muc2 Deficient Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(9):2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092809
Chicago/Turabian StyleWu, Minna, Yaqi Wu, Jianmin Li, Yonghua Bao, Yongchen Guo, and Wancai Yang. 2018. "The Dynamic Changes of Gut Microbiota in Muc2 Deficient Mice" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 9: 2809. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19092809